Chapter 2: Airplane Systems Flashcards
What are the 5 main components of an aircraft?
Powerplant
Wings
Fuselage
Empennage
Landing Gear
Which way do the ailerons move when you move the control wheel left? Right?
Left: Left Up, Right Down
Right: Right Up, Left Down
Where is the vertical and horizontal stabilizer located
The empennage
Where is the rudder, elevator, and ailerons controlled from?
Rudder: Vertical Stabilizer, Rudder Pedals, Controls Yaw of plane
Elevator: Horizontal Stabilizer, Control Wheel (Up/Down), Pitch of plane
Ailerons: Wings, Control Wheel (Left/Right) , Roll of Plane
Where is trim located and what does it do?
Trim: Elevator, Trim Tab, Keeps constant pressure on control surfaces
What is the difference between conventional landing gear and tricycle?
Tricycle is one nose wheel and two mains
Conventional is two mains in the front and one tail wheel in the back
What are the main components of the power plant?
Engine
Propeller
Cowling
Firewall
What are the primary functions of an engine?
Provide power to turn the propeller
- contains accessories that generate electrical power, create vacuum power for some instruments, and provide heat in cabin
What are the primary functions of the firewall
Protect occupants and a mounting point for the engine
What are the primary functions of a cowling?
Streamlines the airplane and increases engine cooling effectiveness by ducting air around the cylinders
What is the propellers main function
Translates the rotational force of the engine into a forward acting force called thrust
What are the required documents you need to have on every flight
Airworthiness Certificate (must be visible)
Registration
Radio Station Class License (International)
Owners Manual (limitations)
Weight and Balance
What are the required Mx & Inspection?
Annual
ELT (annual)
Transponder, Altimeter & Static System (24 months)
100 Hr (if used for flight instruction, for fire carrying pax)
What are the required VFR equipment
91.205
Airspeed Indicator
Tachometer
Oil Pressure Gauge
Manifold Pressure
Altimeter
Temperature Gauge
Oil Temp Gauge
Fuel Gauge / Floatation (over water, hire)
Landing Gear
Anti-Collision
Magnetic Compass
ELT
Seatbelts
NIGHT
Fuses (spare)
Landing Lights
Anti-Collison Lights
Position Lights
Source of Electricity
What are the 4 req. to determine if the inop equipment must be operational for the flight?
- The VFR day type certifications required based on airworthiness certificate
- 91.205
- KOEL
- AD
What can you do if your plane is not airworthy and needs to get Mx?
May request a special flight permit (ferry permit) to fly it to a Mx facility if FSDO approves.
What is the four stroke operating cycle on a reciprocating engine?
Intake
Compression
Power
Exhaust
What do you do with your mixture when you climb or descend?
Enrichen Mixture from High to Low
Lean Mixture from Low to High
What is the primary function of a float type carburetor? What are the disadvantages?
It mixes the incoming air with fuel and delivers it to the combustion chamber through a Venturi. It increases its velocity and decreases the pressure. The disadvantage is that the Venturi is susceptible to icing.
When is Carb ice more likely to occur?
70-100 Fahrenheit and a humidity of 50-80
What is the first indication of Carb Ice
Decrease of Rpm
Engine Roughness
Failure
How should you combat carb ice
Carb. Heat: it’ll cause a slight decrease in RPM then a gradual increase when ice melts
What is primary function of a fuel injection system? What are the disadvantages?
Increases engine efficiency, lower fuel consumption, increased horsepower, lower operating temp, longer engine life. The disadvantages are increased sensitivity to fuel contaminants and complex starting procedures.
What is a magneto
Self contained, engine driven unit that supples electrical current to the spark plugs (separate from the electrical system)
What is a duel ignition system
Two individual magnetos to enhance safety and increase reliability in ignition system
What is detonation
Uncontrolled explosive ignition of the fuel air mixture within the cylinders combustion chamber
Can happen if engine overheats or wrong fuel (lower octane)
What is preignition
When fuel/air mixture is ignited in advance of the normal timed ignition.
Can happen residual hot spots or any damage around combustion chamber
What do you do if you experience engine roughness and high engine temps but youre not able to indicate directly what it is?
Attempt to lower cylinder temps by retarding throttle, enriching fuel mixture, and lowering the nose.
What is a fuel pump system
Used with fuel injection systems to provide sufficient pressure to the injector nozzles
What is a fuel pressure gauge?
It helps detect fuel pump malfunctions
What is vapor lock?
When high engine temps causes bubbles of fuel vapor to form in the fuel lines or fuel pumps
What are the two types of oil systems in a reciprocating engine?
Dry sump system: oil is contained in a separate tank and circulated through the engine by pumps
Wet sump system: oil is drawn from the sump by the oil pump and routes it throughout the engine, then returns to the sump.
What are the important functions of an engines oil system?
Lubrication of the engines moving parts, cooling of the engine, improves engine efficiency
What is a fixed pitch propeller?
Blade angle cannot be changed by pilot and manufactured to based on primary function of the airplane
What is a climb propeller?
Low blade angle that provides the best performance for takeoff and climb
What is a cruise propeller?
High blade angle for high speed cruise and high altitude flights
What is a constant speed propeller?
A variable/controllable pitch propeller that can be adjusted for most efficient operation
What should you avoid with a constant speed propeller?
High manifold pressures with low RPM settings
