Chapter 2 Flashcards
What are the two components of the respiratory system?
The pulmonary apparatus and the chest wall.
What makes up the pulmonary apparatus?
The trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and lungs
What makes up the bronchial tree and what is its purpose?
The trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. It conducts air to and from the lungs.
What is the epithelium and what does it do?
It it the structure that lines the trachea and acts as a filtration system by catching unwanted particles or pollutants in the millions of hairlike projections called cilia.
How many lobes does the left lung consist of?
Two
How many lobes does the right lung consist of?
Three
How many segments does the left lung consist of?
Eight
How many segments does the right lung consist of?
Ten
How is the structure of bronchi similar or dissimilar to that of the trachea?
The structure is similar in that both are made up of small rings of cartilage, bound by smooth muscle, and coated in a mucus membrane.
How is the structure of bronchi similar or dissimilar to that of bronchioles?
The structure is dissimilar in that bronchioles are not composed of cartilage rings. The are made up of only smooth muscle and mucus membrane.
Why is the subdivision of the lungs important for successful and efficient respiration?
The subdivision creates smaller and narrower branches, which increases the number of branches with each division. These many, smaller branches consequently have a larger total surface area than the larger branches, which allows for more efficient transfer of oxygen or carbon dioxide during respiration.
What is surfactant and why is it important?
It is the substance found in alveoli that keeps them inflated by lowering their surface tension. This is important because it prevents the very thin walls of alveoli from being pulled inward during inspiration.
What makes up the chest wall?
The rib cage, abdominal wall, abdominal contents, and diaphragm.
What makes up the thoracic cavity?
The rib cage and the diaphragm. This is the space that houses the lungs.
What are intercostals and what purpose do they serve?
They are two sets of muscles, external intercostals and internal intercostals, that run between the ribs on either side. Both sets (left and right) are composed of 11 pairs of muscle fibers running between the ribs on either side. These muscles help to increase (external intercostals) or decrease (internal intercostals) the volume of the thoracic cavity during respiration.
