Chapter 2

Question 1

MAC Address

Answer 1

identifies hardware, normally the NIC (Network Interface Card)

Question 2

IP Address

Answer 2

identifies the location of the device on the internet

Question 3

Internet Service Provider

Answer 3

companies that provide internet service for a fee, providing the user with an IP Address when entering the internet

Question 4

Internet Browser

Answer 4

Application for accessing the internet on the WWW

Question 5

NIC

Answer 5

network interface card. These cards allow
devices to connect to a network/internet (usually
associated with a MAC address set at the factory).

Question 6

Twisted pair cable

Answer 6

type of cable in which two wires
of a single circuit are twisted together. Several twisted
pairs make up a single cable.

Question 7

Coaxial cable

Answer 7

cable made up of central copper core,

insulation, copper mesh and outer insulation.

Question 8

Fibre optic cable

Answer 8

cable made up of glass fibre wires
which use pulses of light (rather than electricity) to
transmit data.

Question 9

Hub

Answer 9

hardware used to connect together a number
of devices to form a LAN that directs incoming data
packets to all devices on the network (LAN).

Question 10

Switch

Answer 10

hardware used to connect together a number
of devices to form a LAN that directs incoming data
packets to a specific destination address only.

Question 11

Router

Answer 11

device which enables data packets to be
routed between different networks (for example, can
join LANs to form a WAN).

Question 12

Bus network topology

Answer 12

network using single central
cable in which all devices are connected to this cable so
data can only travel in one direction and only one device
is allowed to transmit at a time.

Question 13

Star network topology

Answer 13

a network that uses a central
hub/switch with all devices connected to this central
hub/switch so all data packets are directed through this
central hub/switch.

Question 14

Mesh network topology

Answer 14

interlinked computers/
devices, which use routing logic so data packets are
sent from sending stations to receiving stations only by
the shortest route.

Question 15

Hybrid network

Answer 15

network made up of a combination of

other network topologies.

Question 16

ARPAnet

Answer 16

Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, early

form of packet switching

Question 17

Private network

Answer 17

owned by a single company or organisation (they are
often LANs or intranets with restricted user access, for example, passwords and
user ids are required to join the network); the companies are responsible for the
purchase of their own equipment and software, maintenance of the network and
the hiring and training of staff.

Question 18

Public network

Answer 18

owned by a communications carrier company (such as
a telecoms company); many organisations will use the network and there are
usually no specific password requirements to enter the network – but subnetworks may be under security management.

Question 19

Local Area Network

Answer 19

usually within a small building, consists of many computers, printers, connected with hubs and switches, LAN is connected to a modem, which is connected to the internet.

Question 20

Wireless LAN

Answer 20

same as LAN but with no wires, wireless access point use spread spectrum to transmit data.

Question 21

Spread spectrum

Answer 21

wideband radio

frequency with a range of 30 to 50 metres.

Question 22

Wide Area Network

Answer 22

LANs joined using a modem.

Question 23

Client-Server Model

Answer 23

Clients are computers that request information, servers are computers that provide information, client depends on server for information.

Question 24

Peer-to-Peer

Answer 24

each computer is a node, no central server, every computer can request or provide data.

Question 25

Thin client

Answer 25

device that needs access to the internet for it to work and depends on a more powerful computer for processing.

Question 26

Thick client

Answer 26

device which can work both off line and on line and is able to do some processing even if not connected to a network/internet.

Question 27

Cloud storage

Answer 27

method of data storage where data is | stored on off-site servers.

Question 28

Repeater

Answer 28

device used to boost a signal on both wired | and wireless networks.

Question 29

Bridge

Answer 29

device that connects LANs which use the | same protocols.

Question 30

Gateway

Answer 30

device that connects LANs which use | different protocols.

Question 31

Modem

Answer 31

modulator demodulator. A device that converts digital data to analogue data (to be sent down a telephone wire); conversely it also converts analogue data to digital data (which a computer can process).

Question 32

Ethernet

Answer 32

protocol IEEE 802.3 used by many wired LANs.

Question 33

Conflict

Answer 33

situation in which two devices have the same | IP address.

Question 34

Collision

Answer 34

situation in which two messages/data from different sources are trying to transmit along the same data channel.

Question 35

CSMA/CD

Answer 35

carrier sense multiple access with collision detection – a method used to detect collisions and resolve the issue.

Question 36

Bit streaming

Answer 36

contiguous sequence of digital bits sent | over a network/internet.

Question 37

Buffering

Answer 37

store which holds data temporarily.

Question 38

Bit rate

Answer 38

number of bits per second that can be transmitted over a network. It is a measure of the data transfer rate over a digital telecoms network.

Question 39

On demand (bit streaming)

Answer 39

system that allows users to stream video or music files from a central server as and when required without having to save the files on their own computer/ tablet/phone.

Question 40

Real-time (bit streaming)

Answer 40

system in which an event is captured by camera (and microphone) connected to a computer and sent to a server where the data is encoded. The user can access the data ‘as it happens’ live.

Question 41

Internet

Answer 41

massive network of networks, made up of computers and other electronic devices; uses TCP/IP communication protocols.

Question 42

World Wide Web (WWW)

Answer 42

``` collection of multimedia web pages stored on a website, which uses the internet to access information from servers and other computers. ```

Question 43

HyperText Mark-up Language (HTML)

Answer 43

used to design web pages and to write | http(s) protocols, for example.

Question 44

Uniform resource locator (URL)

Answer 44

specifies location of a web page (for | example, www.hoddereducation.co.uk).

Question 45

IPv4

Answer 45

IP address format which uses | 32bits, such as 200.21.100.6.

Question 46

Classless inter-domain routing | CIDR

Answer 46

increases IPv4 flexibility by adding a suffix to the IP address, such as 200.21.100.6/18.

Question 47

IPv6

Answer 47

newer IP address format which uses 128bits, such as A8F0:7FFF:F0F1:F000:3DD0: 256A:22FF:AA00.

Question 48

Zero compression

Answer 48

``` way of reducing the length of an IPv6 address by replacing groups of zeroes by a double colon (::); this can only be applied once to an address to avoid ambiguity. ```

Question 49

Sub-netting

Answer 49

practice of dividing | networks into two or more sub-networks.

Question 50

Domain name service (DNS)

Answer 50

``` (also known as domain name system) gives domain names for internet hosts and is a system for finding IP addresses of a domain name. ```

Question 51

JavaScript®

Answer 51

object-orientated (or scripting) programming language used mainly on the web to enhance HTML pages.

Question 52

PHP

Answer 52

hypertext processor; an HTMLembedded scripting language used to write web pages.

Question 53

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

Answer 53

converts voice and webcam images into digital packages to be sent over the internet.

Question 54

Public switched telephone network | PSTN

Answer 54

network used by traditional telephones when making calls or when sending faxes.