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Computer Science Chapters 1-8 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

MAC Address

A

identifies hardware, normally the NIC (Network Interface Card)

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2
Q

IP Address

A

identifies the location of the device on the internet

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3
Q

Internet Service Provider

A

companies that provide internet service for a fee, providing the user with an IP Address when entering the internet

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4
Q

Internet Browser

A

Application for accessing the internet on the WWW

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5
Q

NIC

A

network interface card. These cards allow
devices to connect to a network/internet (usually
associated with a MAC address set at the factory).

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6
Q

Twisted pair cable

A

type of cable in which two wires
of a single circuit are twisted together. Several twisted
pairs make up a single cable.

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7
Q

Coaxial cable

A

cable made up of central copper core,

insulation, copper mesh and outer insulation.

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8
Q

Fibre optic cable

A

cable made up of glass fibre wires
which use pulses of light (rather than electricity) to
transmit data.

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9
Q

Hub

A

hardware used to connect together a number
of devices to form a LAN that directs incoming data
packets to all devices on the network (LAN).

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10
Q

Switch

A

hardware used to connect together a number
of devices to form a LAN that directs incoming data
packets to a specific destination address only.

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11
Q

Router

A

device which enables data packets to be
routed between different networks (for example, can
join LANs to form a WAN).

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12
Q

Bus network topology

A

network using single central
cable in which all devices are connected to this cable so
data can only travel in one direction and only one device
is allowed to transmit at a time.

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13
Q

Star network topology

A

a network that uses a central
hub/switch with all devices connected to this central
hub/switch so all data packets are directed through this
central hub/switch.

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14
Q

Mesh network topology

A

interlinked computers/
devices, which use routing logic so data packets are
sent from sending stations to receiving stations only by
the shortest route.

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15
Q

Hybrid network

A

network made up of a combination of

other network topologies.

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16
Q

ARPAnet

A

Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, early

form of packet switching

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17
Q

Private network

A

owned by a single company or organisation (they are
often LANs or intranets with restricted user access, for example, passwords and
user ids are required to join the network); the companies are responsible for the
purchase of their own equipment and software, maintenance of the network and
the hiring and training of staff.

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18
Q

Public network

A

owned by a communications carrier company (such as
a telecoms company); many organisations will use the network and there are
usually no specific password requirements to enter the network – but subnetworks may be under security management.

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19
Q

Local Area Network

A

usually within a small building, consists of many computers, printers, connected with hubs and switches, LAN is connected to a modem, which is connected to the internet.

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20
Q

Wireless LAN

A

same as LAN but with no wires, wireless access point use spread spectrum to transmit data.

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21
Q

Spread spectrum

A

wideband radio

frequency with a range of 30 to 50 metres.

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22
Q

Wide Area Network

A

LANs joined using a modem.

23
Q

Client-Server Model

A

Clients are computers that request information, servers are computers that provide information, client depends on server for information.

24
Q

Peer-to-Peer

A

each computer is a node, no central server, every computer can request or provide data.

25
Q

Thin client

A

device that needs access to the internet for
it to work and depends on a more powerful computer
for processing.

26
Q

Thick client

A

device which can work both off line and
on line and is able to do some processing even if not
connected to a network/internet.

27
Q

Cloud storage

A

method of data storage where data is

stored on off-site servers.

28
Q

Repeater

A

device used to boost a signal on both wired

and wireless networks.

29
Q

Bridge

A

device that connects LANs which use the

same protocols.

30
Q

Gateway

A

device that connects LANs which use

different protocols.

31
Q

Modem

A

modulator demodulator. A device that
converts digital data to analogue data (to be sent down
a telephone wire); conversely it also converts analogue
data to digital data (which a computer can process).

32
Q

Ethernet

A

protocol IEEE 802.3 used by many wired LANs.

33
Q

Conflict

A

situation in which two devices have the same

IP address.

34
Q

Collision

A

situation in which two messages/data from
different sources are trying to transmit along the same
data channel.

35
Q

CSMA/CD

A

carrier sense multiple access with collision
detection – a method used to detect collisions and
resolve the issue.

36
Q

Bit streaming

A

contiguous sequence of digital bits sent

over a network/internet.

37
Q

Buffering

A

store which holds data temporarily.

38
Q

Bit rate

A

number of bits per second that can be
transmitted over a network. It is a measure of the data
transfer rate over a digital telecoms network.

39
Q

On demand (bit streaming)

A

system that allows
users to stream video or music files from a
central server as and when required without
having to save the files on their own computer/
tablet/phone.

40
Q

Real-time (bit streaming)

A

system in which an event
is captured by camera (and microphone) connected
to a computer and sent to a server where the data
is encoded. The user can access the data ‘as it
happens’ live.

41
Q

Internet

A

massive network of
networks, made up of computers and
other electronic devices; uses TCP/IP
communication protocols.

42
Q

World Wide Web (WWW)

A 
collection
of multimedia web pages stored on
a website, which uses the internet to
access information from servers and
other computers.
43
Q

HyperText Mark-up Language (HTML)

A

used to design web pages and to write

http(s) protocols, for example.

44
Q

Uniform resource locator (URL)

A

specifies location of a web page (for

example, www.hoddereducation.co.uk).

45
Q

IPv4

A

IP address format which uses

32bits, such as 200.21.100.6.

46
Q

Classless inter-domain routing

CIDR

A

increases IPv4 flexibility by
adding a suffix to the IP address, such as
200.21.100.6/18.

47
Q

IPv6

A

newer IP address format
which uses 128bits, such as
A8F0:7FFF:F0F1:F000:3DD0:
256A:22FF:AA00.

48
Q

Zero compression

A 
way of reducing the
length of an IPv6 address by replacing
groups of zeroes by a double colon
(::); this can only be applied once to an
address to avoid ambiguity.
49
Q

Sub-netting

A

practice of dividing

networks into two or more sub-networks.

50
Q

Domain name service (DNS)

A 
(also
known as domain name system) gives
domain names for internet hosts and is
a system for finding IP addresses of a
domain name.
51
Q

JavaScript®

A

object-orientated (or
scripting) programming language used
mainly on the web to enhance HTML
pages.

52
Q

PHP

A

hypertext processor; an HTMLembedded scripting language used to
write web pages.

53
Q

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

A

converts voice and webcam images
into digital packages to be sent over the
internet.

54
Q

Public switched telephone network

PSTN

A

network used by traditional
telephones when making calls or when
sending faxes.

Computer Science Chapters 1-8 (13 decks)

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