Chapter 2

Question 1

what does the anatomic organization of the cells and tissues of the immune system permit?

Answer 1

rapid delivery of innate effector cells, including
neutrophils and monocytes, to sites of infection
and permits a small number of lymphocytes specific for any one antigen to locate and respond
effectively to that antigen regardless of where in
the body the antigen is introduced

Question 2

What are the 3 cells that perform the majority of effector functions of innate and adaptive immunity?

Answer 2

phagocytes (including neutrophils and macrophages), APCs (including macrophages and dendritic cells), and lymphocytes

Question 3

What are neutrophils?

Answer 3

most abundant blood leukocyte
with a distinctive multilobed segmented nucleus
and abundant cytoplasmic lysosomal granules, are
rapidly recruited to sites of infection and tissue
injury, where they perform phagocytic functions

Question 4

what are monocytes?

Answer 4

e circulating precursors of tissue

macrophages

Question 5

what are macrophages?

Answer 5

phagocytic cells that ingest and
kill microbes and dead host cells and secrete cytokines and chemokines that promote the recruitment of leukocytes from the blood

Question 6

what are APC’s antigen presenting cells?

Answer 6

function to display antigens for recognition
by lymphocytes and to promote the activation of
lymphocytes

Question 7

what are other types of APCs?

Answer 7

APCs include dendritic cells, mononuclear phagocytes, and FDCs

Question 8

what do B and T lymphocytes do?

Answer 8

express highly diverse and
specific antigen receptors and are the cells responsible for the specificity and memory of adaptive
immune responses

Question 9

what are NK cells?

Answer 9

distinct class of
lymphocytes that do not express highly diverse
antigen receptors and whose functions are largely
in innate immunity

Question 10

How do B and T lymphocytes arise?

Answer 10

s arise from a common
precursor in the bone marrow. B cell development
proceeds in the bone marrow, whereas T cell precursors migrate to and mature in the thymus

Question 11

what happens to B and T lymphocytes after they mature?

Answer 11

B and T cells leave the bone
marrow and thymus, enter the circulation, and
populate peripheral lymphoid organs.

Question 12

What are naive B and T cells?

Answer 12

e mature lymphocytes that
have not been stimulated by antigen. When they
encounter antigen, they differentiate into effector
lymphocytes that have functions in protective
immune responses

Question 13

what are effector B lymphocytes?

Answer 13

antibody-secreting plasma cells. Effector T cells
include cytokine-secreting CD4+ helper T cells and
CD8+ CTLs

Question 14

what are some of the progeny of antigen activated B and T lymphocytes?

Answer 14

differentiate into memory cells that
survive for long periods in a quiescent state. These
memory cells are responsible for the rapid and
enhanced responses to subsequent exposures to
antigen

Question 15

what are the generative organs of the immune system?

Answer 15

(bone marrow and

thymus), where lymphocytes mature

Question 16

what are the peripheral organs of the immune system?

Answer 16

s (lymph nodes and spleen),
where naive lymphocytes are activated by
antigens

Question 17

What is the importance of bone marrow?

Answer 17

w contains the stem cells for all blood
cells, including lymphocytes, and is the site of
maturation of all of these cell types except T cells,
which mature in the thymus

Question 18

what are lymph nodes?

Answer 18

encapsulated secondary lymphoid organs located throughout the body along
lymphatics, where naive B and T cells respond to
antigens that are collected by the lymph from
peripheral tissues

Question 19

what is the spleen?

Answer 19

encapsulated
organ in the abdominal cavity where senescent or
opsonized blood cells are removed from the circulation, and in which lymphocytes respond to
blood-borne antigen

Question 20

What are the T cell ares?

Answer 20

also the sites of residence of mature
dendritic cells, which are APCs specialized for the
activation of naive T cells

Question 21

What resides in the B cell areas?

Answer 21

FDCs and serve to activate B cells during humoral

immune responses to protein antigens