Chapter 18

Question 1

Disorders caused by abnormal immune responses

are called what?

Answer 1

hypersensitivity diseases. Pathologic
immune responses may be autoimmune responses
directed against self antigens or uncontrolled and
excessive responses to foreign (e.g., microbial)
antigens

Question 2

Hypersensitivity diseases may result from what?

Answer 2

antibodies that bind to cells or tissues, circulating immune

complexes that are deposited in tissues, or T lymphocytes reactive with antigens in tissues

Question 3

The effector mechanisms of antibody-mediated

tissue injury are what?

Answer 3

complement activation and Fc
receptor–mediated inflammation. Some antibodies
cause disease by interfering with normal cellular
functions without producing tissue injury

Question 4

The effector mechanisms of T cell–mediated tissue

injury are inflammatory reactions induced by what?

Answer 4

cytokines secreted mainly by CD4+
TH1 and TH17
cells and cell lysis by CTLs.

Question 5

The classical T cell–
mediated reaction is delayed-type hypersensitivity,
induced by?

Answer 5

activation of previously primed T
cells and the production of cytokines that recruit
and activate various leukocytes, predominantly
macrophages

Question 6

The current treatment of autoimmune diseases is

targeted at reducing what?

Answer 6

immune activation and the

injurious consequences of the autoimmune reaction

Question 7

A future goal of therapy is to inhibit the responses of what?

Answer 7

lymphocytes specific for self antigens

and to induce tolerance in these cells.

Question 8

Autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes illustrate many of the what?

Answer 8

effector mechanisms that cause tissue injury in
hypersensitivity reactions and the roles of susceptibility genes and environmental factors in the
development of autoimmunity