Chapter 2

Question 1

what does it mean for variables to be operationalized

Answer 1

This means that you must develop precise definitions of the independent and the dependent variable

Question 2

what is a sample

Answer 2

a small group that represent the population

Question 3

descriptive research methods

Answer 3

used to observe and describe behavior and are also used to determine the existence of a relationship between variables. DOES NOT COMPARE

Question 4

experimental research method

Answer 4

controlled observations to demonstrate a cause and effect relation between variable

Question 5

examples of descriptive research methods

Answer 5

case studies, naturalistic observations, surveys

Question 6

theory to prediction to observation/experiment

Answer 6

deductive

Question 7

observation/experiment to prediction to theory

Answer 7

inductive

Question 8

hypothesis to observation to experiment

Answer 8

hypothetico-deductive

Question 9

which research method meets the descriptive goal to psychology

Answer 9

descriptive method

Question 10

what type of research method is good for developing early idea and more reflective of actual behaviour

Answer 10

descriptive method

Question 11

which type of method deals with manipulation of variables

Answer 11

exp

Question 12

what type of method deals with meeting explanation part of psychology

Answer 12

the experimental

Question 13

disadvantage of descriptive research

Answer 13

researcher and participation bias, no control over variables and no explanations of cause and effect

Question 14

disadvantage of experimental reserarch

Answer 14

ethical concerns and practical limits and artificiality as well as biases

Question 15

the 3 descriptive research methods

Answer 15

case study
naturalistic
surveys

Question 16

pitfall of case study

Answer 16

research bias and generalizability

Question 17

pitfall of naturalistic

Answer 17

hawthorne effect im being watched

Question 18

pitfall of the surveys

Answer 18

participant bias- i answer what you want and directionality

Question 19

pros of a double blind procedure

Answer 19

prevents bias

prevents you intentionally viewing someone differently becasue you know they have the placebo

Question 20

steps of psychologists conducting research

Answer 20

1. identify questions of interest and review the literature
2. develop a testable hypothesis which must be operationally defined
3. select a research method and chose the participants and collect the data
4. analyze the data and accept or reject the hypothesis
5. seek scientific review and publish and replicate
6. build a theory

Question 21

how do psychologists measure releations between variables

Answer 21

by using statistics

Question 22

a predictible relation between two or more variables

Answer 22

correlation measured using a correlation coefficient from neg to pos 1

Question 23

is correlation causality

Answer 23

no

Question 24

inferential statistics

Answer 24

helps to make informed decisions regarding the types of conclusions to draw regarding their findings

Question 25

arithmatic average

Answer 25

mean

Question 26

an index of how much scores vary within the group

Answer 26

standard deviation

Question 27

the difference between the highest and lowest score

Answer 27

range

Question 28

median

Answer 28

middle score

Question 29

mode

Answer 29

most often occouring

Question 30

what types of tests do inferential data use

Answer 30

t test or ANOVA

Question 31

WHAT IS ANOVA

Answer 31

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

Question 32

what do inferential data use to determine the likelihood of two values are statistically different

Answer 32

a probability or p value. if less than 0.05 then there is a statistical difference

Question 33

who is in REB

Answer 33

mixture of researchers form inside and outside the field

Question 34

provide info such as purpose, procedure, risks, benefits (majority age)

Answer 34

informed consent

Question 35

refrain from physical but also emotional

Answer 35

protect form harm

Question 36

when can we use animals in research

Answer 36

only if it contributes to understanding fundamental biological principles or to get knowledge that can be expected to benifit animals and humans and only if they cant find anything else to use with the most humane method and least amount of animals and limit pain and distress and proper recovery period