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Psych > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what does it mean for variables to be operationalized

A

This means that you must develop precise definitions of the independent and the dependent variable

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2
Q

what is a sample

A

a small group that represent the population

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3
Q

descriptive research methods

A

used to observe and describe behavior and are also used to determine the existence of a relationship between variables. DOES NOT COMPARE

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4
Q

experimental research method

A

controlled observations to demonstrate a cause and effect relation between variable

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5
Q

examples of descriptive research methods

A

case studies, naturalistic observations, surveys

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6
Q

theory to prediction to observation/experiment

A

deductive

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7
Q

observation/experiment to prediction to theory

A

inductive

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8
Q

hypothesis to observation to experiment

A

hypothetico-deductive

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9
Q

which research method meets the descriptive goal to psychology

A

descriptive method

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10
Q

what type of research method is good for developing early idea and more reflective of actual behaviour

A

descriptive method

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11
Q

which type of method deals with manipulation of variables

A

exp

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12
Q

what type of method deals with meeting explanation part of psychology

A

the experimental

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13
Q

disadvantage of descriptive research

A

researcher and participation bias, no control over variables and no explanations of cause and effect

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14
Q

disadvantage of experimental reserarch

A

ethical concerns and practical limits and artificiality as well as biases

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15
Q

the 3 descriptive research methods

A

case study
naturalistic
surveys

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16
Q

pitfall of case study

A

research bias and generalizability

17
Q

pitfall of naturalistic

A

hawthorne effect im being watched

18
Q

pitfall of the surveys

A

participant bias- i answer what you want and directionality

19
Q

pros of a double blind procedure

A

prevents bias

prevents you intentionally viewing someone differently becasue you know they have the placebo

20
Q

steps of psychologists conducting research

A
  1. identify questions of interest and review the literature
  2. develop a testable hypothesis which must be operationally defined
  3. select a research method and chose the participants and collect the data
  4. analyze the data and accept or reject the hypothesis
  5. seek scientific review and publish and replicate
  6. build a theory
21
Q

how do psychologists measure releations between variables

A

by using statistics

22
Q

a predictible relation between two or more variables

A

correlation measured using a correlation coefficient from neg to pos 1

23
Q

is correlation causality

A

no

24
Q

inferential statistics

A

helps to make informed decisions regarding the types of conclusions to draw regarding their findings

25
Q

arithmatic average

A

mean

26
Q

an index of how much scores vary within the group

A

standard deviation

27
Q

the difference between the highest and lowest score

A

range

28
Q

median

A

middle score

29
Q

mode

A

most often occouring

30
Q

what types of tests do inferential data use

A

t test or ANOVA

31
Q

WHAT IS ANOVA

A

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

32
Q

what do inferential data use to determine the likelihood of two values are statistically different

A

a probability or p value. if less than 0.05 then there is a statistical difference

33
Q

who is in REB

A

mixture of researchers form inside and outside the field

34
Q

provide info such as purpose, procedure, risks, benefits (majority age)

A

informed consent

35
Q

refrain from physical but also emotional

A

protect form harm

36
Q

when can we use animals in research

A

only if it contributes to understanding fundamental biological principles or to get knowledge that can be expected to benifit animals and humans and only if they cant find anything else to use with the most humane method and least amount of animals and limit pain and distress and proper recovery period

Psych (4 decks)

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