Chapter 2

Question 1

Arthrology is the study of what?

Answer 1

basic structure and function of joints

Question 2

Synarthrosis (fibrous) classification? movement? example?

Answer 2

dense connective tissue
no movement
sutures of the skull

Question 3

ampiarthrosis (carilaginous) classification? movement? example?

Answer 3

hyaline or fibrocartilage
restrained movement for shock absorption
intervertebral discs, SC joint

Question 4

Diarthrosis (synovial) classifcation? movement? example?

Answer 4

synovial fluid and capsular
much movement
Glenohumeral and interphalangeal joints

Question 5

What are the 7 elements associated with synovial joints?

Answer 5

Synovial Fluid
articular cartilage
articular capsule
synovial membrane/bursa
capsular ligaments
blood vessels
sensory nerves

Question 6

hinge joint movement and example

Answer 6

plane of motion is perpendicular to axis of rotation.

ex: humero-ulnar joint, interphalangeal joints

Question 7

pivot joint movement and example

Answer 7

pivot point is parallel to axis of rotation

humeral-radial joint

Question 8

ellipsoid joint classification and example

Answer 8

elongated convex and concave structures

i.e. radiocarpal joints

Question 9

Ball and socket joint classification and example

Answer 9

range of motion in all planes

GH and hip joints

Question 10

Plane joint classification and example

Answer 10

2 flat surfaces sliding and some rotation (like a book on table)
i.e. intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints

Question 11

Saddle joint classification and example

Answer 11

one concave and one convex oriented at right angles

i.e. carpometacarpal joint

Question 12

Condyloid joint classification and example

Answer 12

similar to ball and socket but concave surface is much shallower
i.e. knee

Question 13

What are the four types of tissue?

Answer 13

muscle, nerve, epithelium, connective tissue

Question 14

What are the four main connective tissues that are important components of joints?

Answer 14

Dense irregular connective tissue (tendons)
articular cartilage
fibrocartilage (intervertebral discs)
bone

Question 15

What are the three biological materials that form connective tissue within joints?

Answer 15

fibers (type I and II collagen and elastin)
ground substance (glycosaminoglycans)
cells (maintenance and repair)

Question 16

What is type I collagen and what is the function?

Answer 16

stiff structure for tendon, capsule, and ligament

transmits force to bone

Question 17

What is type II collagen and what is the function?

Answer 17

thinner, less tensile

forms the structure of hyaline cartialge and maintains the general shape

Question 18

What is elastin and what is the function?

Answer 18

gives ligaments their elastic qualities

provides “give” when elongated

Question 19

What are the three components of ground substance and what is the main role?

Answer 19

Glycosaminoglycan (GAG), water, and solutes

plays a role in shock absorption and distributes force in articular cartilage

Question 20

Where is dense irregular connective tissue found?

Answer 20

in fibrous external layer of the articular capsule and ligaments

Question 21

What type of fibers are found in dense irregular connective tissues, and what are their roles?

Answer 21

type I collage fibers

resist natural stresses placed on the tissue