Chapter 2 Flashcards
Arthrology is the study of what?
basic structure and function of joints
Synarthrosis (fibrous) classification? movement? example?
dense connective tissue
no movement
sutures of the skull
ampiarthrosis (carilaginous) classification? movement? example?
hyaline or fibrocartilage
restrained movement for shock absorption
intervertebral discs, SC joint
Diarthrosis (synovial) classifcation? movement? example?
synovial fluid and capsular
much movement
Glenohumeral and interphalangeal joints
What are the 7 elements associated with synovial joints?
Synovial Fluid articular cartilage articular capsule synovial membrane/bursa capsular ligaments blood vessels sensory nerves
hinge joint movement and example
plane of motion is perpendicular to axis of rotation.
ex: humero-ulnar joint, interphalangeal joints
pivot joint movement and example
pivot point is parallel to axis of rotation
humeral-radial joint
ellipsoid joint classification and example
elongated convex and concave structures
i.e. radiocarpal joints
Ball and socket joint classification and example
range of motion in all planes
GH and hip joints
Plane joint classification and example
2 flat surfaces sliding and some rotation (like a book on table)
i.e. intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints
Saddle joint classification and example
one concave and one convex oriented at right angles
i.e. carpometacarpal joint
Condyloid joint classification and example
similar to ball and socket but concave surface is much shallower
i.e. knee
What are the four types of tissue?
muscle, nerve, epithelium, connective tissue
What are the four main connective tissues that are important components of joints?
Dense irregular connective tissue (tendons)
articular cartilage
fibrocartilage (intervertebral discs)
bone
What are the three biological materials that form connective tissue within joints?
fibers (type I and II collagen and elastin) ground substance (glycosaminoglycans) cells (maintenance and repair)
What is type I collagen and what is the function?
stiff structure for tendon, capsule, and ligament
transmits force to bone
What is type II collagen and what is the function?
thinner, less tensile
forms the structure of hyaline cartialge and maintains the general shape
What is elastin and what is the function?
gives ligaments their elastic qualities
provides “give” when elongated
What are the three components of ground substance and what is the main role?
Glycosaminoglycan (GAG), water, and solutes
plays a role in shock absorption and distributes force in articular cartilage
Where is dense irregular connective tissue found?
in fibrous external layer of the articular capsule and ligaments
What type of fibers are found in dense irregular connective tissues, and what are their roles?
type I collage fibers
resist natural stresses placed on the tissue
