Chapter 2 Flashcards
Forms the upright part of the body.
axial skeleton
Attaches to the axial skeleton and contains bones of the extremities.
appendicular skeleton
Total bones in the body?
206
Bone is made up of ____ organic material and ___ inorganic material
1/3, 2/3
Gives the bone its elasticity
organic material
Gives the bone hardness and strength
inorganic material
Makes up a hard, dense outer shell. Completely covers the bone, tends to be thick along the shaft and thin at the ends of long bones, thick in the plates of the flat bones of the skull
compact bone
Cancellous bone is also called…
trabeculae
Epiphysis
area at each end of a long bone
Epiphyseal plate
cartilaginous material in growing bone; longitudinal growth occurs here
Diaphysis
main shaft of the bone
Medullary canal
hollow; helps decrease weight of the bone. Contains marrow and provides passage for nutrient arteries.
Endosteum
lines the medullary canal, contains osteoclasts.
Osteoclasts
mainly responsible for bone resorption
Flared part at each end of the diaphysis
metaphysis
Contains nerve and blood vessels that are important in providing nourishment, promoting growth in diameter of immature bone, and repairing the bone.
periosteum
Attachment point for tendons and ligaments
periosteum
Two types of epiphyses found in children whose bones are still growing:
pressure epiphysis, traction epiphysis
Located at the end of long bones. Receives pressure from opposing bone making up that joint. This is where the growth of long bones occurs.
pressure epiphysis
Located where tendons attach to bones and are subjected to a pulling, or traction, force. Example: greater and lesser trochanters of the femur and tibial tuberosity
traction epiphysis
Largest bones in the body
long bones
Make up most of the appendicular skeleton
long bones
Tend to have more equal dimensions of height, length, and width giving them a cube shape.
Short bones
Bones of the wrist and ankle
Short bones
Bones that have a variety of mixed shapes
Irregular bones
Resemble the shape of sesame seeds, located where tendons cross the ends of long bones in the extremities
sesamoid bones
These bones develop within the tendon and protect it from excessive wear.
sesamoid bones
Broken, cracked bone
fracture
Condition characterized by loss of normal bone density or bone mass. Can weaken a bone to the point of fracture
osteoporosis
Infection of the bone usually caused by bacteria.
osteomyelitis
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, slipped femoral capital epiphysis
When the epiphysis of a growing bone (not firmly attached to the diaphysis) slips or becomes misshapen.
Osgood-Schlatter disease
A common condition at the traction epiphysis of the tibial tuberosity in children whose bones are still growing.
Hole through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass
foramen
Hollow or depression
fossa
Ditch-like groove containing a tendon or blood vessel
groove
canal or tubelike opening in the bone
meatus
air-filled cavity within a bone
sinus
rounded knucke-like projection
condyle
Projecting, prominent part of a bone
eminence
Flat or shallow articular surface
facet
Rounded articular projection beyond a narrow, neck-like portion of a bone
head
Sharp ridge or border
crest
Prominence above or on a condyle
epicondyle
Less prominent ridge
line
Long, thin projection (spinous process)
spine
Small, rounded projection
tubercle
Large, rounded projection
tuberosity
Name the long bones of the upper extremity (appendicular skeleton)
clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, phalanges
Name the long bones of the lower extremity
appendicular skeleton
femur, fibula, tibia, metatarsals, phalanges
Short bones of the upper extremity (appendicular skeleton)
carpals
Short bones of the lower extremity (appendicular skeleton)
tarsals
Flat bones of the UE (appendicular skeleton)
scapula
Flat bones of the LE (appendicular skeleton)
hip, patella
Flat bones of the LE (axial skeleton)
cranial bones (frontal, parietal), ribs, sternum
Irregular bones of the axial skeleton
vertebrae, cranial bones (sphenoid, ethmoid), sacrum, coccyx, mandible, facial bones
