Chapter 1 Flashcards
Biomechanics
The mechanical principles that relate directly to the human body.
Kinetics
Forces causing movement
Kinematics
Time, space, and mass aspects of a moving system
Fundamental Position
Same as the anatomical position, but the palms face the body. Often used to discuss rotation of the upper extremity.
Refers to the front of the body
anterior
Refers to the back, or a position more toward the back
posterior
Away from the trunk
distal
Toward the trunk
proximal
Indicates the location of a body part abpve another or to the upper surface of an organ or a structure.
superior
Body part below another or the lower surface of an organ or structure
inferior
Position or structure closer to the head
cranial
Position or structure closer to the tail
caudal
Four terms that are best used to describe positions on a quadruped
dorsal, ventral, cranial, caudal
Refers to two, or both sides
bilateral
Refers to the opposite side
contralateral
Refers to the same side of the body
ipsilateral
The body is divided into segments according to
bones
The arm, forearm, and hand make up the
upper extremity
The thigh, leg, and foot make up the
lower extremity
Two segments of the trunk:
thorax, abdomen
Thorax consists of:
ribs, sternum, mostly thoracic vertebrae
Abdomen consists of:
pelvis, stomach, mostly lumbar vertebrae
Refers to a joint’s surface motion in relation to the body segment’s motion
arthrokinematic motion
Linear motion
(translatory motion); occurs in more or less a straight line from one location to another
All of the parts move the same distance, in the same direction, at the same time:
linear motion
Movement that occurs in a straight line:
rectilinear motion
A baseball player running from home plate to first base:
rectilinear motion
Movement that occurs in a curved path, yet isn’t necessarily circular:
curvilinear motion
Movement of an object around a fixed point: not going the same distance.
angular motion
In angular motion, ____________
all the parts of the object move through the same angle, in the same direction, and at the same time, but the do not move the same distance
A skateboarder uses a combination of ____________ and ________ motion
linear, angular
Osteokinematics
joint movements
Type of joint that is surrounded by a thick flexible membrane forming a sac into which is secreted a viscous fluid that lubricates the joint.
synovial joint
