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Science- Holt Science And Technology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell

A

The smallest unit that can perform all life processes; A membrane-covered structure that contains all of the materials necessary for life.

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2
Q

Stimulus

A

Anything that causes a reaction or change in an organism or any part of an organism

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3
Q

Homeostasis

A

The maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment

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4
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Reproduction in which the sex cells from two parents unite, producing offspring that share traits from both parents

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5
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Reproduction that does not involve the union of sex cells and which one parent produces offspring identical to itself

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6
Q

Heredity

A

The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring

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7
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism

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8
Q

Sunlight can be a _______?

A

Stimulus

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9
Q

Living things are made of _____?

A

Cells

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10
Q

Homeostasis means maintaining________?

A

Stable internal conditions

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11
Q

Explain the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction.

A

In sexual reproduction sex cells from two parents unite and in asexual reproduction one parent does not have a union of cells and produces something identical to itself

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12
Q

Describe six characteristics of living things.

A
  1. Have cells
  2. Sense and respond to change
  3. Reproduce
  4. Have DNA
  5. Use Energy
  6. Grow and develop
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13
Q

Bacteria double every generation. One bacterium is in the first generation. How many are in the 6th generation?

A

32

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14
Q

What does the fur coat of a bear have to do with homeostasis?

A

The fur coat helps to maintain a stable internal temperature, so they can survive in colder temperatures outside.

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15
Q

How do you respond to some stimuli in your environment?

A

The smell of cooking food makes you hungry, some sounds can make you feel a certain way, etc.

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16
Q

Producer

A

An organism that can make its own food by using energy from its surroundings

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17
Q

Consumer

A

An organism that eats other organisms or organic matter

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18
Q

Decomposer

A

An organism that gets energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal wastes and consuming or absorbing the nutrients

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19
Q

Protein

A

A molecule that is made up of amino acids and that is needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body

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20
Q

Carbohydrate

A

A class of energy-giving nutrients that includes sugars, starches, and fiber; contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

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21
Q

Lipid

A

A type of biochemical that does not dissolve in water; fats and steroids are lipids

22
Q

Phospholipid

A

A lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes

23
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes

24
Q

Nucleic acid

A

A molecule made up of subunits called nucleotides

25
Q

How does producer compare to consumer?

A

A producer makes energy from its environment (plants) vs consumer which gains energy by consuming other organisms or organic matter (humans, frogs, animals)

26
Q

How does a lipid differ from a phospholipid?

A

Lipids do not dissolve in water

Phospholipids make up parts of the cell membrane and contain phosphorus.

27
Q

Plants store extra sugar as ____?

A

Complex carbohydrates

28
Q

Explain why organisms need food, water, air, and living space.

A

Water-our bodies are made of 70% water and without it we will die
Air- we need oxygen to breathe and we use oxygen to release energy from food.
Space- to have the things we need to survive
Food- it gives us energy and a way to carry on life processes.

29
Q

Describe the chemical building blocks of cells.

A

Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

They combine to make proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, ATP and nucelic acids

30
Q

Why are decomposers considered consumers?

A

They consume or absorb the nutrients from dead organisms or animal wastes.

31
Q

How are decomposers different from producers?

A

A decomposer gets/consumes energy and a producer makes energy

32
Q

What are the subunits of proteins?

A

Proteins are made up of smaller molecules called amino acids and others are called enzymes that start or speed up chemical reactions in cells

33
Q

Could life as we know it exist on Earth if the air only had oxygen?

A

No. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and use photosynthesis to create oxygen as a byproduct to create energy for them to survive. If we had no carbon dioxide the plants would not survive and we could not survive without the plants to make the oxygen. We are dependent on each other.

34
Q

How might a cave, an ant, and a lake each meet the needs of an organism?

A

The cave could provide safety or shelter, an ant could provide energy to be consumed and the nearby lake could provide water.

35
Q

What would happen to the supply of ATP in your cells if you did not eat enough carbohydrates?
How would this affect your cells?

A

You would not have enough energy to maintain cell processes. You could become weak or sick. The cells could cease having cellular activities and die.

36
Q

Offspring resemble their parents because of ____?

A

Heredity

37
Q

The process of maintaining a stable internal environment is known as ___?

A

Homeostasis

38
Q

A ______ obtains food by eating other organisms.

A

Consumer

39
Q

Starch is a _____ and is made up of sugars.

A

Carbohydrate

40
Q

Fat is a ______ that stores energy for an organism.

A

Lipid

41
Q

True or false

Cells are the structures that contain all of the materials necessary for life.

A

True

42
Q

True or false

Cells are found in all organisms

A

True

43
Q

True or false

Cells are sometimes specialized for particular functions.

A

True

44
Q

True or false

All living things produce sexually

A

False

45
Q

True or false

All living things have one or more cells

A

True

46
Q

True or false

All living things must make their own food

A

False

47
Q

True or false

All living things produce asexually

A

False

48
Q

Organisms must have food because____?

A

Food is a source of energy

49
Q

A change in an organism’s environment that affects the organism’s activities is a ____?

A

Response

50
Q

Organisms store energy in ____?

A

Lipids

51
Q

The molecule that contains the information about how to make proteins is?

A

DNA

52
Q

The subunits of nucleic acids are

A

Nucleotides

Science- Holt Science And Technology (4 decks)

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