Chapter 2 Flashcards
Cell
The smallest unit that can perform all life processes; A membrane-covered structure that contains all of the materials necessary for life.
Stimulus
Anything that causes a reaction or change in an organism or any part of an organism
Homeostasis
The maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment
Sexual reproduction
Reproduction in which the sex cells from two parents unite, producing offspring that share traits from both parents
Asexual reproduction
Reproduction that does not involve the union of sex cells and which one parent produces offspring identical to itself
Heredity
The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring
Metabolism
The sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism
Sunlight can be a _______?
Stimulus
Living things are made of _____?
Cells
Homeostasis means maintaining________?
Stable internal conditions
Explain the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction.
In sexual reproduction sex cells from two parents unite and in asexual reproduction one parent does not have a union of cells and produces something identical to itself
Describe six characteristics of living things.
- Have cells
- Sense and respond to change
- Reproduce
- Have DNA
- Use Energy
- Grow and develop
Bacteria double every generation. One bacterium is in the first generation. How many are in the 6th generation?
32
What does the fur coat of a bear have to do with homeostasis?
The fur coat helps to maintain a stable internal temperature, so they can survive in colder temperatures outside.
How do you respond to some stimuli in your environment?
The smell of cooking food makes you hungry, some sounds can make you feel a certain way, etc.
Producer
An organism that can make its own food by using energy from its surroundings
Consumer
An organism that eats other organisms or organic matter
Decomposer
An organism that gets energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal wastes and consuming or absorbing the nutrients
Protein
A molecule that is made up of amino acids and that is needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body
Carbohydrate
A class of energy-giving nutrients that includes sugars, starches, and fiber; contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Lipid
A type of biochemical that does not dissolve in water; fats and steroids are lipids
Phospholipid
A lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes
Nucleic acid
A molecule made up of subunits called nucleotides
How does producer compare to consumer?
A producer makes energy from its environment (plants) vs consumer which gains energy by consuming other organisms or organic matter (humans, frogs, animals)
How does a lipid differ from a phospholipid?
Lipids do not dissolve in water
Phospholipids make up parts of the cell membrane and contain phosphorus.
Plants store extra sugar as ____?
Complex carbohydrates
Explain why organisms need food, water, air, and living space.
Water-our bodies are made of 70% water and without it we will die
Air- we need oxygen to breathe and we use oxygen to release energy from food.
Space- to have the things we need to survive
Food- it gives us energy and a way to carry on life processes.
Describe the chemical building blocks of cells.
Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
They combine to make proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, ATP and nucelic acids
Why are decomposers considered consumers?
They consume or absorb the nutrients from dead organisms or animal wastes.
How are decomposers different from producers?
A decomposer gets/consumes energy and a producer makes energy
What are the subunits of proteins?
Proteins are made up of smaller molecules called amino acids and others are called enzymes that start or speed up chemical reactions in cells
Could life as we know it exist on Earth if the air only had oxygen?
No. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and use photosynthesis to create oxygen as a byproduct to create energy for them to survive. If we had no carbon dioxide the plants would not survive and we could not survive without the plants to make the oxygen. We are dependent on each other.
How might a cave, an ant, and a lake each meet the needs of an organism?
The cave could provide safety or shelter, an ant could provide energy to be consumed and the nearby lake could provide water.
What would happen to the supply of ATP in your cells if you did not eat enough carbohydrates?
How would this affect your cells?
You would not have enough energy to maintain cell processes. You could become weak or sick. The cells could cease having cellular activities and die.
Offspring resemble their parents because of ____?
Heredity
The process of maintaining a stable internal environment is known as ___?
Homeostasis
A ______ obtains food by eating other organisms.
Consumer
Starch is a _____ and is made up of sugars.
Carbohydrate
Fat is a ______ that stores energy for an organism.
Lipid
True or false
Cells are the structures that contain all of the materials necessary for life.
True
True or false
Cells are found in all organisms
True
True or false
Cells are sometimes specialized for particular functions.
True
True or false
All living things produce sexually
False
True or false
All living things have one or more cells
True
True or false
All living things must make their own food
False
True or false
All living things produce asexually
False
Organisms must have food because____?
Food is a source of energy
A change in an organism’s environment that affects the organism’s activities is a ____?
Response
Organisms store energy in ____?
Lipids
The molecule that contains the information about how to make proteins is?
DNA
The subunits of nucleic acids are
Nucleotides
