Chapter 2

Question 1

anything that occupies space and has mass

Answer 1

matter

Question 2

gas, liquid, or soild

Answer 2

the states of matter

Question 3

smallest unit of an element that retains the unique properties of the element

Answer 3

atoms

Question 4

forms when atoms are joined together by chemical bonds. smallest unit of a compound

Answer 4

molecule

Question 5

the way atoms join together to form molecules. the atoms are sharing or transferring electrons between them. three types: covalent, ionic, and hydrogen

Answer 5

chemical bonds

Question 6

a strong chemical bond formed when atoms share electons

Answer 6

covalent bonds

Question 7

formed when electrons are transferred

Answer 7

ionic bonds

Question 8

more of an electrostatic attraction than a true bond because electrons are neither shared nor transferred

Answer 8

hydrogen bonds

Question 9

involves the formation and breaking of the chemical bonds

Answer 9

chemical reaction

Question 10

a new and more complex chemical is made by combining multiple smaller molecules or elements together.

Answer 10

synthesis reaction

Question 11

a single chemical is broken down into multiple, smaller, chemical units

Answer 11

decomposition reaction

Question 12

certain atoms exchanged between molecules combination of synthesis and decomposition reaction bonds are broken and made.

Answer 12

exchange reaction

Question 13

the energy required for the reaction to happen

Answer 13

activation energy

Question 14

special proteins that hold the reactants together so they may interact.

Answer 14

catlyst

Question 15

large complex molecules that contain carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen covalent bonds

Answer 15

organic compounds

Question 16

rarely contain carbon and do not contain c-c or c-h bonds

Answer 16

inorganic molecules

Question 17

collection of atoms that may be attached to the carbon chains and determine the functionality of the molecule as a whole

Answer 17

functional group

Question 18

chemicals added to water

Answer 18

solutes

Question 19

the combination of the chemicals plus water

Answer 19

solution

Question 20

molecules that do not mix well with water

Answer 20

hydrophobic

Question 21

mineral compounds that have ionic bonds, and they are the principal form of minerals that enter and are stored in the body

Answer 21

salts

Question 22

salts in their ionic form

Answer 22

electrolytes

Question 23

ionically bonded substances that when added to water freely release hydrogen ions. called proton donors

Answer 23

acids

Question 24

alkaline compounds that are ionically bonded, also ionize in water but release hydroxyl ion not hydrogen ions. known as proton acceptors.

Answer 24

bases

Question 25

acidity and alkalinity are measured on a scale

Answer 25

ph scale

Question 26

weak acids and bases are those that do not completely ionize in water. they help keep chemical reactions in the ph neutral range

Answer 26

buffers

Question 27

large molecules containing carbon

Answer 27

organic compounds

Question 28

long complex molecules often with repeating units

Answer 28

macromolecules

Question 29

composed of atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. used for energy, storage of energy and cellular structures

Answer 29

carbohydrates

Question 30

simplest form of a carbohydrate. conatin three to seven carbon atoms in a chain or ring.

Answer 30

simple sugar or monosaccharide