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Exploring Medical Language > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

Body Structure, Color, Oncology

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cell

A

basic unit of all living things

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2
Q

cell membrane

A

forms the boundary of the cell

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3
Q

cytoplasm

A

gel-like fluid inside the cell

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4
Q

nucleus

A

largest structure inside the cell. contains chromosomes for cellular reproduction. control center & source of energy production

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5
Q

chromosomes

A

in the nucleus of the cell. 46 chromosomes in normal human cells / mature sex cells 23

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6
Q

genes

A

regions w/in the chromosome. each chromosome has thousands of genes that determine hereditary characteristics

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7
Q

DNA

A

(deoxyribonucleic acid) comprises each gene; genetic material that regulates the activities of the cell.

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8
Q

tissue

A

group of similar cells that perform a specific function

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9
Q

muscle tissue

A

composed of cells that have an ability to contract, usually producing movement

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10
Q

nervous tissue

A

cells found in nerves, spinal cord and brain. coordinates and controls body activities

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11
Q

connective tissue

A

connects, supports, penetrates and encases various body structures i.e. adipose (fat), osseous (bone) tissues and blood. fibrous tissue ligaments and tendons

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12
Q

epithelial tissue

A

major covering of the external surface of the body (skin); forms membranes that line body cavities and organs and is the major tissue in glands.

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13
Q

organ

A

two or more types of tissues that together perform special body functions.

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14
Q

viscera

A

large internal organs

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15
Q

system

A

group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions

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16
Q

cranial cavity

A

space inside the skull containing the brain

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17
Q

spinal cavity

A

space inside the spinal column containing spinal cord

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18
Q

thoracic cavity

A

space containing heart, aorta, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, and mediastinal area

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19
Q

abdominal cavity

A

space containing stomach, intestines, kidneys, adrenal glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen and ureters

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20
Q

pelvic cavity

A

space containing urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, parts of small and large intestine, and the anus

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21
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

both the pelvic and abdominal cavities

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22
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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23
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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24
Q

epitheli/o

A

epithelium

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25
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber

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26
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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27
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

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28
Q

lip/o

A

fat

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29
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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30
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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31
Q

organ/o

A

organ

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32
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh, connective tissue

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33
Q

system/o

A

system

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34
Q

viscer/o

A

internal organs

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35
Q

cancer/o, carcin/o

A

cancer

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36
Q

eti/o

A

cause (of disease)

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37
Q

gno/o

A

knowledge

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38
Q

iatr/o

A

physician, medicine, treatment

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39
Q

lei/o

A

smooth

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40
Q

onc/o

A

tumor, mass

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41
Q

path/o

A

disease

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42
Q

rhabd/o

A

rod-shaped, striated

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43
Q

somat/o

A

body

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44
Q

chlor/o

A

green

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45
Q

chrom/o

A

color

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46
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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47
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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48
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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49
Q

melan/o

A

black

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50
Q

xanth/o

A

yellow

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51
Q

dia-

A

through, complete

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52
Q

dys-

A

painful, abnormal, difficult, labored

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53
Q

hyper-

A

above, excessive

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54
Q

hypo-

A

below, incomplete, deficient, under

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55
Q

meta-

A

after, beyond, change

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56
Q

neo-

A

new

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57
Q

pro-

A

before

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58
Q

-al, -ic, -ous

A

pertaining to

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59
Q

-cyte

A

cell

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60
Q

-gen

A

substance or agent that produces or causes

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61
Q

-genic

A

producing, originating, causing

62
Q

-logist

A

one who studies and treats

63
Q

-logy

A

study of

64
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

65
Q

-oid

A

resembling

66
Q

-oma

A

tumor, swelling

67
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

68
Q

-pathy

A

disease

69
Q

-plasia

A

condition of formation, development, growth

70
Q

-plasm

A

growth, substance, formation

71
Q

-sarcoma

A

malignant tumor

72
Q

-sis

A

state of

73
Q

-stasis

A

control, stop, standing

74
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

cancerous tumor of glandular tissue

75
Q

adenoma

A

tumor composed of glandular tissue (benign)

76
Q

carcinoma (CA)

A

cancerous tumor (malignant)

77
Q

chloroma

A

green tumor (malignant from myeloid tissue)

78
Q

epithelioma

A

epithelium tumor (malignant or benign)

79
Q

fibroma

A

fiber tumor (benign)

80
Q

fibrosarcoma

A

fiber tumor (malignant)

81
Q

leiomyoma

A

smooth muscle tumor (benign)

82
Q

leiomyosarcoma

A

smooth muscle tumor (malignant)

83
Q

lipoma

A

fat tumor (benign)

84
Q

liposarcoma

A

fat tumor (malignant)

85
Q

melanocarcinoma

A

cancerous black tumor (malignant)

86
Q

melanoma

A

black tumor (primarily of skin)

87
Q

myoma

A

muscle tumor (benign)

88
Q

neoplasm

A

new growth (of abnormal tissue, benign or malignant)

89
Q

neuroma

A

nerve tumor (benign)

90
Q

rhabdomyoma

A

striated muscle tumor (benign)

91
Q

rhabdomyosarcoma

A

striated muscle tumor (malignant)

92
Q

sarcoma

A

highly malignant tumor of connective tissue (bone or cartilage)

93
Q

oncology

A

study of tumors

94
Q

cytogenic

A

producing cells

95
Q

cytoid

A

resembling a cell

96
Q

cytology

A

study of cells

97
Q

cytoplasm

A

cell substance

98
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal development

99
Q

epithelial

A

pertaining to epithelium

100
Q

erythrocyte (RBC)

A

red blood cell

101
Q

erythrocytosis

A

increase in the number of red blood cells

102
Q

histology

A

study of tissue

103
Q

hyperplasia

A

excessive development

104
Q

hypoplasia

A

incomplete development

105
Q

karyocyte

A

cell with nucleus

106
Q

karyoplasm

A

substance of a nucleus

107
Q

leukocyte (WBC)

A

white blood cell

108
Q

leukocytosis

A

increase in number of white blood cells

109
Q

lipoid

A

resembling fat

110
Q

myopathy

A

disease of the muscle

111
Q

neuroid

A

resembling a nerve

112
Q

organomegaly

A

enlargement of an organ

113
Q

somatic

A

pertaining to the body

114
Q

somatogenic

A

originating in the body

115
Q

somatopathy

A

disease of the bofy

116
Q

systemic

A

pertaining to a body system (or body as a whole)

117
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to the internal organs

118
Q

cancerous

A

pertaining to cancer

119
Q

carcinogen

A

substance that causes cancer

120
Q

carcinogenic

A

producing cancer

121
Q

cyanosis

A

blue skin (inadequate supply of O2 in the blood)

122
Q

diagnosis (dx)

A

state of complete knowledge

123
Q

etiology

A

study of causes (of disease)

124
Q

iatrogenic

A

produced by a physician (unexpected result)

125
Q

iatrology

A

study of medicine

126
Q

metastasis (metastases, METS)

A

beyond control (transfer of cells from one organ to another / malignant tumors)

127
Q

oncogenic

A

causing tumors

128
Q

oncologist

A

physical who studies and treats tumors

129
Q

oncology

A

study of tumors

130
Q

organic

A

pertaining to an organ

131
Q

pathogenic

A

producing disease

132
Q

pathologist

A

physician who studies diseases

133
Q

pathology

A

study of disease

134
Q

prognosis (px)

A

state of before knowledge

135
Q

xanthochromic

A

pertaining to yellow color

136
Q

xanthosis

A

abnormal condition of yellow

137
Q

afebrile

A

without fever

138
Q

apoptosis

A

programmed cell death (some cancers disrupt apoptosis)

139
Q

benign

A

not malignant, nonrecurrent, favorable for recovery

140
Q

biological therapy

A

treatment of cancer w/ biological response modifiers that work with the immune system

141
Q

carcinoma in situ

A

cancer in the early stage before invading surrounding tissue

142
Q

chemotherapy (chemo)

A

treatment of cancer with drugs

143
Q

encapsulated

A

enclosed with a capsule, benign or malignant tumors that have NOT spread beyond the organ it originated in

144
Q

exacerbation

A

increase in the severity of a disease or it’s symptoms

145
Q

idiopathic

A

pertaining to disease of unknown origin

146
Q

in vitro VS in vivo

A

in vitro - outside the body in a lab

in vivo - within the living body

147
Q

malignant

A

tending to become progressively worse and to cause death

148
Q

morbidity

A

state of being diseased

149
Q

mortality

A

state of being mortal (death)

150
Q

palliative

A

providing relief but not cure

151
Q

radiation therapy (XRT)

A

treatment of cancer with radioactive substance

152
Q

remission

A

improvement or absence of signs of disease

Exploring Medical Language (5 decks)

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