Chapter 2

Question 1

Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)

Answer 1

A range of techniques to help women who are infertile to conceive and give birth.

Question 2

Chromosomes

Answer 2

Threadlike structures composed of DNA and proteins that carry genes and that are found within each body cell nucleus.

Question 3

Dominant Genes

Answer 3

Genes that express themselves if present on one or both chromosomes in a pair.

Question 4

Embryo

Answer 4

The stage of prenatal development beginning in the 2nd week and lasting through the 8th week.

Question 5

Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW)

Answer 5

A newborn weight of less than 1,000 grams (2.2 lbs).

Question 6

Family Pluralism

Answer 6

Recognition of many viable types of family structures.

Question 7

Fertilization

Answer 7

The penetration of an ovum by spermatozoon, usually occurring in the fallopian tube.

Question 8

Fetal Viability

Answer 8

The capability to survive outside the womb, typically requiring at least 25 weeks.

Question 9

Fetus

Answer 9

The developing organism from the 9th week of pregnancy to birth.

Question 10

Genes

Answer 10

Basic units of heredity, made of DNA and found on chromosomes.

Question 11

Genetic Liability

Answer 11

The state of being prone to hereditary disorders.

Question 12

Genotype

Answer 12

The totality of the hereditary information present in an organism.

Question 13

Germ Cell

Answer 13

The ova and spermatozoa whose function is to reproduce the organism.

Question 14

Gestation

Answer 14

The length of maturation time from conception to birth. IN humasn it averages 280 days, with a range of 259 to 287 days.

Question 15

Gestational Age

Answer 15

The number of completed weeks of pregnancy counting from the first day of the last normal menstrual cycle to the birth of the neonate.

Question 16

Infertility

Answer 16

The inability to create viable embreyo.

Question 17

Interactive Genes

Answer 17

Corresponding genes that give seperate yet controlling messages.

Question 18

Late Preterm Birth

Answer 18

Virth that occurs at 34 to 36 weeks’ gestation.

Question 19

Low Birth Weight (LBW)

Answer 19

A newborn weight of less than 2,500 grams (5lbs, 8oz).

Question 20

Miscarriage

Answer 20

Naturally occurring loss of a fetus prior to 20 weeks’ gestation; also known as spontaneous abortion.

Question 21

Neonate

Answer 21

Infant up to 1 month of age.

Question 22

Phenotype

Answer 22

The expression of genetic traits in an individual. How it looks.

Question 23

Recessive Genes

Answer 23

Genes that express themselves only if present on both chormosomes in a pair.

Question 24

Sensitive Period

Answer 24

A time in fetal development that is particularly sensitive to exposure to teratogens. Different organs have different sensitive periods. Also called critical period.

Question 25

Sex Chromosomes

Answer 25

Chromosome pair number 23, which determins the sex of the individual.

Question 26

Sex-linked Trait

Answer 26

A trait that is controlled by a gene located on one of the sex chromosomes.

Question 27

Small for Gestational Age (SGA)

Answer 27

Lower than normal birth weight, given the number of weeks of gestation.

Question 28

Spontaneous Abortion

Answer 28

Naturally occurring losss of a fetus prior to 20 weeks’ gestation; also known as miscarriage.

Question 29

Teratogens

Answer 29

Substances present during prenatal life that adversely affect normal cellular development in form or function in the embryo or fetus.

Question 30

Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW)

Answer 30

A newborn weight of less than 1,500 grams (3 lbs, 3 oz).

Question 31

Zygote

Answer 31

A fertilized ovum cell.