Chapter 1 Flashcards
Dimensions of Human Behavior
Age Norm
The behaviors expected of people of a specific age in a given society at a particular point in time.
Age Structuring
The standardizing of the ages at which social role transitions occur, by developing policies and laws the regulate the timing of these transitions.
Biological Age
A person’s level of biological development and physical health, as measured by the functioning of the various organ systems.
Cohort
Group of persons who are born in the same time period and who are of the same age group at the time of specific historical events and social changes.
Cohort Effects
The effects of social change on a specific cohort.
Cumulative Advantage
The acccumulation of increasing advantage as early advantage positions an individual for later advantage.
Cumulative Disadvantage
The accumulation of increasing disadvantage as early disadvantage poisitions an individual for later disadvantage.
Event History
The sequence of significant events, experiences, and transitions in a person’s life from birth to death.
Human Agency
The use of personal power to achieve one’s goals.
Intersectionality Theory
A pluralist theory of social identity that recognizes that all of us are simultaneously members of a number of socially constructed identity groups.
Life Course Perspective
An approach to human behavior that looks at how biological, psychological, and social factors act independently, cumulatively, and interactively to shape people’s lives from conception to death and across generations.
Life Event
Incident of event that is brief in scope but is influential on human behavior.
Oppression
The intentional or unintentional act or process of placing restrictions on an individual, group, or institution; may include observable actions but more typically refers to complex, covert, interconnected processes and pracrices (such as discriminating, devaluing, and exploiting a group of individuals) reflected in and perpetuating exclusion adn inequalities over time.
Population Pyramid
A chart thayt depicts the proportion of the population in each age group.
Privilege
Unearned advantage that comes form one’s poistion in the social structure.
Protective Factors
Personal and societal factors (resources) that decrease the probability of developing and maintaining problem conditions at later points in life.
Psychological Age
The capacities that people have and the skills they use to adapt to changing biological and environmental demands, including skills in memory, learning, intelligence, motivation, and emotions; also the age people feel.
Resilience
Healthy development in the face of risk factors. Thought to be the result of protective factors that shield the individual from the consequences of potential hazards.
Risk Factors
Personal or social factros at one stage of development that increaset he probability of developing and maintaining problem conditions at later stages.
Sex Ratio
The number of males per 100 females in a population.
Social Age
Age measured in terms of age-graded roles and behaviors expected by society– the socially constructed meaning of various ages.
Social Support
Help rendered by others that benefits an individual.
Spiritual Age
THe position of a person in the ongoing search for meaning and fulfilling relationships.
Trajectories
Long-term patterns of stability and change based on unique person-environment configurations over time.
Transitions
Changes in roles and statuses that represent a distinct departure from prior roles and statuses.
Turning Point
A special event that produces a lasting shift in the life course trajectory.
Timing of Lives
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Interplay of Human Lives and Historical Time
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Linked or Interdependent Lives
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Human Agency in Making Choices
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Diversity in Life Course Trajectories
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Developmental Risk and Protection
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