Chapter 2

Question 1

Bioavailability

Answer 1

The extent to which a drug reaches the systemic circulation following administration by various routes

Question 2

Buccal

Answer 2

Referring to the cheek. Drugs administered buccally are placed between the cheek and gum and are absorbed into the circulation from the mucosa lining the gums and inner cheek.

Question 3

Enteral Administration

Answer 3

Administration of drugs by way of the alimentary canal

Question 4

First-Pass Effect

Answer 4

The phenomenon in which drugs absorbed from the stomach and small intestine must pass through the liver before reaching the systemic circulation. Certain drugs undergo extensive hepatic metabolism because of this first pass through the liver

Question 5

Intrathecal

Answer 5

Administration of substances within a sheath; typically refers to injection into the sub-arachnoid space surrounding the spinal cord.

Question 6

Parenteral Administration

Answer 6

Administration of drugs by routes other than via the alimentary canal: by injection, transdermally, topically, and so on.

Question 7

Proton Pump

Answer 7

An enzyme that moves hydrogen ions (protons) across the cell membrane. The gastric proton pump transports hydrogen ions into the stomach; drugs that inhibit this enzyme are known as proton pump inhibitors, and these rugs are used to reduce the formation and effects of excess gastric acid.

Question 8

Sublingual

Answer 8

Under the tonue; drugs administered sublingually are absorbed into the systemic circulation via the venous drainage from underneath the tongue

Question 9

Volume of distribution (Vd)

Answer 9

A ratio used to estimate the distribution of a drug within the body relative to the total amount of fluid in the body. It is calculated as the amount of drug administered divided by the plasma concentration of the drug