Chapter 2

Question 1

What are the 5 stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 1

G1 (creation of energy and protein producing organelles, and restriction point), S (synthesis of DNA), G2 (Checkpoint - ensures proper DNA replication), M (mitosis); G0 (when cell is not actively dividing)

Question 2

What is the difference between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids?

Answer 2

Homologous chromosomes are 2 different chromosomes that have opposite parental origin, but similar gene arrangement; sister chromatids are exact copies of the same DNA, held together at the centromere

Question 3

What are the differences between meiosis and mitosis?

Answer 3

Mitosis produces 2 identical daughter cells (2n - somatic cells), while meiosis produces 4 genetically different daughter cells with a reduced chromosome number (n-germ cells).

Question 4

What are the 4 phases of mitosis?

Answer 4

Prophase (formation of spindle and disappearance of the nuclear envelope), metaphase (lining of chromosomes at the metaphase plate), anaphase (pulling apart of sister chromatids), and telophase (spindle disappears and envelope reappears)