Chapter 2 Flashcards
Comparison group
Allows us to compare what would occur both with and without whatever it is that interests us
Bloodletting
1700s; Dr. Benjamin Rush
Draining blood from patients to cure illness
No difference in recovery rates
Confounds
Confounded means confuses
You think that one thing caused the outcome but because other things changed, you’re confused about what the real cause is
Bushman Study (2002)
Examined effects on aggression of venting vs not venting.
Wrote essay, people criticized to make them mad.
Group 1 sit quiet, group 2 punch a bag, group 3 punch bag with Steve face
Then asked to blast noise to Steve, group 1 least aggressive, group 3 most aggressive
Probabilistic
Findings are not expected to explain all the cases all the time
Intuition
Being swayed by good story
Being persuaded
Focusing on evidence we like
Being biased about being biased
Availability heuristic
Being pursuance by what comes easily to mind.
Things that come to mind easily are more “available” to memory and can guide and/or bias our thinking
Present bias
We notice what is present and this fail to look for the absences
Blondes have more fun
Confirmation bias
Tendency to only look at information that agrees with what we already believe
Bias blind spot
The belief that we are unlikely to fall prey to the other biases previously described
Empirical journal articles
Report the method and results for research studies that are being reported for the first time
Review journal articles
Summary of all the published studies that have been conducted in that particular research area
Abstract
Summary of the article, read it to figure out what the article is about
Introduction
Explains he topic of the study, describes the theoretical and empirical background for the research, and states the specific research goals for the current study
Method
How the researchers conducted the study, includes subsections on participants, materials, procedure, and apparatus
