Chapter 2

Question 1

WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?

Answer 1

Communication is the act of expressing or

exchanging an idea, thought, or feeling to another person.

Question 2

first stage in communication?

Answer 2

A cry

Question 3

ENCODER 4 steps?

Answer 3

1. Formulate the message
2. Neurologically motor plan the movement of necessary articulators
3. Send the articulators in motion through neural impulses while producing voice.
4. Once the voice is produce, the message is sent through sound waves.

Question 4

DECODER 3 steps?

Answer 4

Hear sounds within the word(s)
2. Sound travels through ear mechanism, auditory nerve, and brain.
3. Sounds are deciphered and converted to equivalent language of sender for cognitive processing
(understanding)

Question 5

name and define 2 types of linguistic components durin communication?

Answer 5

•Linguistic-aspect of language that uses
phonology, morphology, syntax, and
semantics.
•Extralinguistic-Understanding, Thinking, Expression of a message nonverbally.

Question 6

3 CATEGORIES OF EXTRALINGUISTIC SKILLS

Answer 6

Nonlinguistic
• Paralinguistic
• Metalinguistic

Question 7

Nonlinguistic

Answer 7

aspect of language that uses body to communicate
nonverbally, such as eye contact, gestures, facial expressions,
proximity, body posture, head/body motions

Question 8

Paralinguistic

Answer 8

Aspect of language that changes meaning of message by using:

(a) intonational patterns, such as rising/falling pitch (contour)
(b) stress on a syllable, word, or sentence
(c) rate of speech
(d) hesitations while conveying a message

Question 9

Metalinguistic

Answer 9

refers to an individual’s
ability to think and analyze language.
**Initiates about 5 years of age

Question 10

Purpose of Communication

Answer 10

(a) express needs and wants
(b) transfer information
(c) establish and maintain relationships
(d) conform to social etiquette

Question 11

SOCIOLINGUISTIC

Answer 11

The study of influences affecting the effectiveness of

communication

Question 12

INFLUENCES ON COMMUNICATION

Answer 12

Age
• Disabilities
• Ethnic background
• Gender/gender expression
• Customs, rituals, religion
• Occupational roles/Educational level
• Setting
• Socio-economic status (SES)

Question 13

What is language?

Answer 13

refers to an organized system of arbitrary
symbols shared by a group of individuals used to convey a
thought to others.

Question 14

Language Components: Form

Answer 14

Phonology

2. Morphology
3. Syntax

Question 15

Phonology

Answer 15

relates to the principles of sounds, patterns, and organization

Question 16

Morphology

Answer 16

relates to the principles of morphological markers/

morphemes (smallest unit of language)

Question 17

Syntax

Answer 17

(grammar) relates to the principles of word order/ parts of speech
within a sentence.

Question 18

Semantics

Answer 18

refers to an individual’s vocabulary or lexicon

Question 19

pragmatics

Answer 19

This appropriate

use of language

Question 20

Language

Answer 20

All of these language components are interrelated and play a
distinct and intricate role in the production of a message. A
message that is produced can be spontaneously created
(generative ), and ongoing and changing (dynamic ).

Question 21

SPEECH

Answer 21

• 3 components:

1. Articulation (sound system)
2. Voice (pitch, volume, quality, resonance)
3. Fluency (rhythm and smoothness of speech)