Chapter 2

Question 1

Anterior pituitary

Answer 1

Connected to hypothalamus - network of capillaries.
Capable of producing, storing and releasing hormones.
True endocrine gland, secreting its own hormones
Releasing FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, prolactin and the growth hormone.

Question 2

Posterior lobe

Answer 2

Releasing hormones produced by the hypothalamus - through its nerve fibres.

Question 3

Exocrine gland (have DUCTS!)

Answer 3

Secretion onto surface or onto the body cavities, sweat glands, mucous glands and salivary glands

Question 4

Endocrine glands (DUCTLESS!)

Answer 4

Secretion of hormones into extracellular fluid surrounding the cells that make up the gland, pineal gland, hypothalamus, pancreas and adrenal glands

Question 5

Hormone?

Paracrine?

Answer 5

Secretion of an endocrine gland - transported via blood and affect particular target cells and organs.

Secreted by all cells - also diffuses and affects other cells.

Question 6

Protein/amine

Answer 6

Unable to diffuse through cell membrane, attaches to a receptor on the membrane

There is a release of a secondary messenger which activates enzymes

They can alter gene expression/cell metabolism

Question 7

Steroid

Answer 7

Diffuses through extra cellular fluid into cell membrane, binds to a receptor inside cell

This therefore activates the hormone-receptor complex to alter gene expression/cell metabolism

Question 8

Relation between hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Answer 8

1. Releases inhibiting or stimulating factors, e.g. Low temperature promoting TSH release
2. Produces hormones that are sent to the pituitary

Question 9

Hormone clearance

Answer 9

Required effect is produced, therefore must be turned off

They are then excreted in the bile/urine

Question 10

Enzyme amplification

Answer 10

Activation of thousand enzyme molecules by one…