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NASM CES > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

The Human Movement system consists of the Muscular system, the …, and the Nervous System

A

Skeletal system

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2
Q

Three planes of motion

A

sagittal, frontal, transverse

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3
Q

Sagittal plane bisects the body into… and occurs around a … axis

A

right and left halves; frontal(coronal)

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4
Q

Frontal plane bisects the body into… and occurs around an … axis

A

front and back halves; anterior-posterior

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5
Q

Transverse plane bisects the body into… and occurs around a … axis

A

top and bottom halves; longitudinal(vertical)

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6
Q

Movements in the sagittal plane include…

A

flexion and extension

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7
Q

Movements in the frontal plane include… relative to …

A

abduction and adduction of the limbs; the trunk

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8
Q

Movements in the transverse plane include…

A

internal and external rotation for the limbs

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9
Q

… and … occur in the foot and ankle complex

A

Inversion and Eversion

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10
Q

… and … occur in the foot and ankle complex

A

Inversion and Eversion

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11
Q

Transverse plane movements also consists of right and left rotation for…

A

the head and trunk

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12
Q

Pronation and Supination occurs around which joint?

A

Radioulnar

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13
Q

The three different muscle actions are Eccentric,…, and Concentric

A

Isometric

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14
Q

Eccentric action occurs when…

A

muscles develop tension while lenthening

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15
Q

Isometric actions occurs when…

A

tension develops and there is no visible change in muscle length

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16
Q

Concentric action occurs when…

A

develops tension and the muscle shortens

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17
Q

Eccentric action occurs because…

A

external forces are greater than contractile forces

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18
Q

Isometric action occurs because…

A

contractile forces are equal to external forces and no movement occurs

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19
Q

Concentric action occurs because…

A

contractile forces are greater than the external forces

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20
Q

What is force?

A

an influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object

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21
Q

Length-tension relationship refers to the resting length of a muscle and…

A

the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length

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22
Q

The force-velocity curve refers to the relationship of a muscles ability to…

A

produce tension at differing shortening velocities

23
Q

The synergistic action of muscles to produce movement around a joint is called a…

A

force-couple

24
Q

Rotary motion is the movement of…

A

bones around a joint

25
Q

Torque is a force that…

A

produces rotation

26
Q

How many types of levers are there is the HMS

A

three

27
Q

HMS stands for…

A

Human Movement System

28
Q

First class levers have the fulcrum(pivot point)…

A

between the force(effort) and load(resistance)

29
Q

Second class levers have the load…

A

between the effort and fulcrum

30
Q

Which lever is most common in the HMS?

A

Third class

31
Q

Agonists are the…

A

prime mover muscles

32
Q

Antagonists are muscles that…

A

act in direct opposition to prime movers

33
Q

Synergist muscles…

A

assist prime movers during functional movement patterns

34
Q

Stabilizer muscles… while prime movers and synergists work.

A

support and stabilize

35
Q

Third class levers have the effort…

A

between the load and pivot point

36
Q

What are the two interdependent muscular stabilization systems within the HMS?

A

Local and global stabilization system

37
Q

Local stabilization system predominantly involves…

A

joint stabilization and support

38
Q

Joint support systems provide… to allow for… of a joint

A

stability; movement

39
Q

Global stabilization systems predominantly create…

A

movement

40
Q

Common local stabilizers are…

A

Transverse abdominals, multifidus, internal oblique, rotator cuff, posterior fibers of glute medius, external rotators of hips, oblique fibers of the vastus medialis

41
Q

Common global stabilizers are…

A

rectus abdominis, external obliques, erector spinae, hamstring complex,gluteus maximus, latissimus dorsi, adductors, quads, gastrocnemius

42
Q

Global muscle stabilizers are associated with…

A

movements of the trunk and limbs that equalize external loads on the body

43
Q

Global muscles also transfer and… from the upper and lower extremities to…

A

absorb forces; the pelvis

44
Q

How many systesms is the global system broken down into?

A

four

45
Q

What are the four subsystems of the global stabilization system?

A

Deep Longitudinal Subsystem (DLS)
Posterior Oblique Subsystem (POS)
Anterior Oblique Subsystem (AOS)
Lateral Subsytem (LS)

46
Q

Major muscles of the DLS are…

A 
Erector Spinae
thoracolumbar fascia
sacrotuberous ligament 
biceps femoris
peroneus longus
47
Q

DLS main function is to transfer force between…

A

the trunk and the ground during normal gait

48
Q

The Psoas is part of which subsystem?

A

Deep Longitudinal Subsytem

49
Q

The POS is primarily involved in…

A

rotational activities

50
Q

Prime muscles of the POS are…

A

the glute maximus and the lats

51
Q

Prime muscles in the AOS are…

A

internal and external oblique muscles, adductor complex and hip external rotators

52
Q

The oblique, in tandem with the addcutor complex produce…, as well as

A

rotation and flexion; help stabilize the LPHC

53
Q

The LS is composed of…

A

the gluteus medius, tensor fascia latae, adductor complex and the quadratus lumborum

54
Q

The prime muscles of the LS primarily do what?

A

participate in frontal plane and pelvofemoral stability

NASM CES (14 decks)

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