Chapter 2

Question 1

Mr. McGinty works with his child, Edward, to put together a new puzzle. Each time Edward tries the puzzle, his father helps him less and less, and he requires less help from his father. This example best supports the view of development put forth by:

Answer 1

Vygotsky

Question 2

Piaget’s theory of development focused primarily on:

Answer 2

how our thinking changes as we grow.

Question 3

During which of Piaget’s stages do children begin to express their internal experience in terms of symbols such as speaking?

Answer 3

Preoperational

Question 4

According to Freud, who is most likely to be in the genital stage?

Answer 4

A 16-year-old boy

Question 5

Cognitive theories emphasize the:

Answer 5

development of thought processes and their effect on behavior, attitudes, and beliefs.

Question 6

Maslow and Rogers believed that, unlike the psychoanalytic and behavioral theorists, all humans:

Answer 6

Have a noble spirit

Question 7

According to sociocultural theory, the zone of proximal development refers to the skills that:

Answer 7

the learner can master with assistance.

Question 8

Freud and Erikson would both agree that:

Answer 8

problems of adult life stem from unresolved conflicts of childhood.

Question 9

According to Piaget, when a new experience or idea does not fit a person’s existing understanding, the person experiences cognitive:

Answer 9

Disequilibrium

Question 10

A researcher in human development who takes an eclectic approach:

Answer 10

uses parts of several theories rather than sticking to one particular theory.

Question 11

A father wants his son to help his mother wash the dishes every night. According to social learning theory, the father should:

Answer 11

help out with the dishes himself.

Question 12

According to behaviorists, a child who frequently hits other children is doing this because the child:

Answer 12

has been reinforced for this behavior.

Question 13

Erikson believed that the main crisis during adolescence involved:

Answer 13

trying to determine what roles to play.

Question 14

Danielle sucks her thumb because she finds it very pleasurable. According to Freud, Danielle is most likely in:

Answer 14

The oral stage

Question 15

Sixteen-year-old Janeece has just begun dating. She is beginning to realize that she has a lot more fun with her girlfriends than with her steady boyfriend. This is causing some concern for Janeece because she is afraid that she might be a lesbian. According to Erikson, what crisis is Janeece struggling to resolve?

Answer 15

identity vs. role confusion

Question 16

The basic need associated with the fourth level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is:

Answer 16

respect for one’s self as well as respect from the community.