Chapter 2

Question 1

Palatography

Answer 1

Experimental method that shows the contact between the tongue and the roof of the mouth.

Question 2

Co-Articulation

Answer 2

The adjustment of articulation of a segment due to the influence of a neighboring sound(s).

Question 3

Segments

Answer 3

the discrete units of the speech stream and can be further subdivided into the categories consonants and vowels. These sounds are transcribed easily using discrete symbols like[p] and [i].

Question 4

Suprasegmentals

Answer 4

Can be said to “ride of the top of” segments in that they often apply to entire strings of consonants and vowels- these are properties such as stress, tone and intonation. These properties are are somewhat more difficult to represent using an alphabet-like transcription system, and there are many different ways they can be transcribed.

Question 5

segmental features

Answer 5

The voicing, place, and manner of articulation.

Question 6

Low vowels

Answer 6

Tendency for the jaw to open and the tongue to lie low in the mouth. [a]

Question 7

High vowels

Answer 7

Tendency for the jaw to stay close, to pronounce with the tongue body close to the roof of the mouth. [i] [u]

Question 8

Nasalized (vowel)

Answer 8

Vowel produced while lowering the velum to allow air to pass through the nasal cavity

Question 9

Velum

Answer 9

Soft part of the roof of the mouth behind the hard palate, also known as the soft palate. When the velum is raised, the passage between the pharynx (throat) and the nasal cavity is closed. When it is lowered, air escapes the nose, and a nasal sound is produced.

Question 10

Spectrogram

Answer 10

A three-dimensional representation of sound in which the vertical axis represents frequency, the horizontal axis represents time, and the darkness of the shading represents amplitude.

Question 11

Rarefaction

Answer 11

Physical phenomenon by which air molecules become less concentrated within a given space.

Question 12

Phonetics

Answer 12

The study of the minimal units of language.

Question 13

Periodic Wave`

Answer 13

A sound wave the repeats itself at regular intervals

Question 14

Parameters

Answer 14

In signed languages, aspects of articulation that describes primes.

Question 15

Primes

Answer 15

With regard to visual-gestural languages, a fundamental element, equivalent in many ways to a phoneme in an auditory-vocal language, with the exception that primes are produced simultaneously, whereas phonemes can be produced only sequentially.

Question 16

Non-Manual marker

Answer 16

Any gesture(s) such as facial expressions or head movements, made during a sign that are not made with the hands; one of the parameters of visual-gestural languages; also called linguistic facial expression.

Question 17

Nucleus

Answer 17

The core element of a syllable, carrying stress, length, and pitch (tone). It usually consists of a vowel or a syllabic consonant.

Question 18

Syllabic Consonant

Answer 18

A consonant that is the nucleus of a syllable and takes on the function of the vowel in that syllable.

Question 19

Acoustic phonetics

Answer 19

Subfield of phonetics that is concerned with the physical characteristics of the sounds of speech.

Question 20

Affricate

Answer 20

Sound produced by complete obstruction of the airflow followed by a slight release of the obstruction, allowing frication. An affricate can be thought of as a combination of a stop and fricative.