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NCCPT Personal Training Course > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define exercise physiology:

A

Exercise Physiology—the study of the cellular functions in the human body before, during and after exercise.

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2
Q

What is the most basic unit of life?

A

The Cell

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3
Q

Name the three energy systems:

A

1) ATP–Creatine–Phosphate system 2) Glycolysis 3) Aerobic Oxidation

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4
Q

Which energy systems are anaerobic? aerobic?

A

Anaerobic: -ATP–Creatine–Phosphate system -Glycolysis Aerobic: -Aerobic Oxidation

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5
Q

(True or False) The term anaerobic means oxygen is not required to function.

A

True

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6
Q

Give three examples of activities that primarily require use of the ATP–CP system:

A

Weight lifting sprinting tennis

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7
Q

What is Glycolysis? How long does it last?

A

Glycolysis is the breakdown of carbohydrate to pyruvate or lactic acid to produce ATP. It lasts from ten seconds to three minutes.

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8
Q

What is lactate threshold?

A

Lactate threshold—the accumulation or rise in lactate.

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9
Q

What is glucose? Where is it stored? What is it stored as?

A

Blood sugar and is the main source of anaerobic ATP production. Glucose is stored in the muscles and liver. Glucose is stored as glycogen.

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10
Q

What is Aerobic Oxidation?

A

The aerobic pathway to produce ATP.

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11
Q

What part of the musculoskeletal system allows the human body to move?

A

Skeletal muscle.

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12
Q

What are the three types of connective tissue that encompass muscle?

A

Endomysium, Perimysium, Epimysium.

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13
Q

What is a myofibril? What are the two myofilaments that compose a myofibril?

A

Myofibril—the smallest unit of a muscle cell. Actin (thin) and myosin (thick) filaments.

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14
Q

What are the two types of muscle fibers? Explain the difference between the two:

A

Speed of contraction and force output.

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15
Q

What muscle fiber type is predominantly involved in activities such as sprinting, power lifting and the high jump?

A

Type 2b.

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16
Q

Define the All or None principle:

A

All or None principle—when a myofiber is innervated by a nerve cell, the myofibrils contract totally or not at all.

17
Q

What are the three types of contraction? List them in the order of strength from strongest to weakest:

A

Eccentric, Isometric, Concentric.

18
Q

Define concentric strength:

A

Concentric strength—the amount of musculoskeletal force to overcome a resistance by a shortening of the muscle fibers.

19
Q

Define eccentric strength:

A

Eccentric strength—the amount of musculoskeletal force displayed when a muscle is lengthened under tension.

20
Q

What is the function of blood?

A

Blood delivers oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body. Blood also retrieves waste products from the cells and carries them to be expelled or metabolized.

21
Q

Define periodicity (periodization):

A

Periodicity is the gradual cycling of specificity, intensity or volume of training to achieve a specific goal.

22
Q

What is the overload principle?

A

Overload principle—the attempt to challenge the musculoskeletal system with unaccustomed stimulation such as, but not limited to, increased weight, speed, or volume of training (number of sets or reps).

23
Q

What are the five major factors that effect training?

A

Level of fitness, intensity, duration, frequency, genetics.

24
Q

Explain the difference between using free weights and selectorized equipment:

A

Free weights can be used in several exercises, but not all; selectorized uses only select muscle groups. Free weights are functional, real life easy to transport; selectorized doesn’t require a spotter, safer and easier to change resistance. Free weights require more technique; machines do not fit everyone and can limit ROM. Free weights usually require more stabilization than machines.

25
Q

What is ATP?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate.

26
Q

What would afferent information be?

A

Afferent information is nerve impulses from receptors or sense organs toward the central nervous system.

27
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

Is a single a-motor neuron and all of the corresponding muscle fibers it innervates.

28
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal, cardiac and visceral.

29
Q

What are the prime movers or agonists in a biceps curl?

A

Biceps Brachii, brachioradialis and brachialis.

30
Q

What would the training heart rate of 70% be for a 32 year-old female with a resting heart rate of 72?

A

220 - Age x % = THR = 131.6

220 - Age - RHR x % + RHR = THR = 153.2

220 - Age x % x 1.15 = THR = 151.34

31
Q

Give a few examples of signs of overtraining.

A

Elevated resting heart rate, difficulty sleeping, fatigue, excessive weight-loss, excessive soreness.

32
Q

What time of the day are the highest levels of blood secretion levels of growth hormone released?

A

At Night

NCCPT Personal Training Course (5 decks)

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