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Child Development > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hereditary

A

the transmission of traits and characteristics from parent to child by means of genes

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2
Q

Genetic

A

The branch of biology that studies heredity

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3
Q

Gene

A

The basic unit of heredity. Genes are composed of deosyribonucleic acid (DNA)

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4
Q

Polygenic

A

Resulting from many genes

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5
Q

DNA

A

Genetic material that takes the form of a double helix made up of phosphates sugars and bases

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6
Q

zgote

A

a new cell formed from the union of a sperm an ovum (egg cell) a fertilized egg

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7
Q

Mitosis

A

The form of cell division in which each chromosome splits length wise to double in number. Half of each chromosome combines with chemicals to retake its original form and then moves forward

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8
Q

Mutation

A

A sudden variation in a heritable characteristic such as by an accident that affects the composition of genes

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9
Q

Meiosis

A

The form of cell division in which each pair of chromosomes splits so that one member of each moves to the new cell. As a result each new cell has 23 chromosomes

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10
Q

Autosome

A

a member of a pair of chromosomes (with the exception of sex chromosomes)

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11
Q

sex chromosome

A

a chromosome in the shape of a Y (male and X (female. that determines the sex of a child

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12
Q

Monozygotic twins

A

twins that derive from a single zygote that has split into two identical twins. Each MZ twin carries the same genetic code

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13
Q

Dizygotic Twins (DZ)

A

Twinsthat derive from two zygotes fraternal twins

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14
Q

Ovulation

A

the release of an ovum from an ovary

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15
Q

allelea

A

a MEMBER OF A PAIR OF GENES

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16
Q

Homozygous

A

Having two different alleles

17
Q

Heterozygous

A

having two different alleles

18
Q

dominant trait

A

A trait that is expressed

19
Q

Recessive Trait

A

A trait that is not expressed when the gene or genes involved have been paired with dominant genes. Recessive traits are transmitted to future generations and expressed if they are paired with other recessive genes

20
Q

Carrier

A

A person who carries and transmits characteristics but does not exhibit them

21
Q

multifactorial problems

A

Problems that stem from the interaction of heredity and environmental factors

22
Q

Down Syndrome

A

A chromosomal abnormality characterized by mental retardation and caused by an extra chromosome in the 21st pair

23
Q

sex linked chromosomal abnormalities

A

abnormalities that are transmitted from generation to generation carried by a sex chromosome usually an X sex chromosome

24
Q

Klinefelter syndrome

A

a chromosomal disorder found among males that is caused by an extra X sex chromosome and thjat is characterized by infertility and mild mental retardation

25
Q

Testosterone

A

a male sex hormone produced by manily by the testes

26
Q

Turner Syndrome

A

A chromosomal disorder found among females that is caused by having a single X sex chromosome and that is characterized by infertility

27
Q

estrogen

A

a female sex hormone produced maily by the ovaries

28
Q

phenylketonuria (PKU)

A

a genetic abnormality in which phenylalanine builds up and causes intellectual disability

29
Q

Huntington Disease

A

A fatal genetic neurological disorder whose onset is in the middle age

30
Q

Sickle Cell Anemia

A

A genetic disorder that decreases the bloods capacity to carry oxygen

31
Q

Tay Sachs disease

A

a fatal genetic neurological disorder

32
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

A fatal genetic disorder in which mucus obstructs the lungs and pancreas

33
Q

hemophilia

A

A genetic disorder in which blood does not clot properly

34
Q

sex linked genetic abnormalties

A

abnormalities resulting from genes that are found on the x sex chromosome

35
Q

alpha fetoproten assay

A

a blood test that asses the mothers blood level of alphafetoprotein a substance that is linked with fetal neural tube defects

36
Q

canalization

A

the tendency of growth rates to return to genetically determined patterns after undergoing environmentally induced change

37
Q

Reaction range

A

the variability in the expression of inherited traits as they are influenced by environmental factors

38
Q

Phenotype

A

the actual form or consitution of a person as determined by heredity and environmental factors

Child Development (2 decks)

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