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AP PSYCH TEST 1 > CHAPTER 2 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

temperament

A

enduring characteristics we are born with, including irritability or adaptability

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2
Q

humanistic perspective

A

focuses on the role of each person’s conscious life experiences and choices

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3
Q

behaviorist perspective

A

focuses on environmental influences on personality, and social cognitive theory

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4
Q

psychodynamic perspective

A

began with Sigmund Freud; focuses on the roles of the unconscious and biology

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5
Q

unconscious

A

feelings, memories, thoughts, and urges that cannot be easily brought into consciousness

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6
Q

preconscious

A

resides just beneath the surface of awareness

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7
Q

conscious

A

makes contact with the outside world

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8
Q

ego

A

mostly conscious; rational and logical; works on reality principle

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9
Q

superego

A

moral center of personality; contains the conscience; puts restrictions on how the id’s demands can be met

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10
Q

id

A

most primitive part; completely unconscious; pleasure-seeking; amoral; exists at birth; contains all biological drives; works on pleasure principle

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11
Q

compensation / substitution

A

becoming superior in some areas to make up for lacking in others

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12
Q

denial

A

refusal to acknowledge a situation

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13
Q

projection

A

placing one’s own unacceptable thoughts onto others

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14
Q

repression

A

pushing events or situations out of conscious memory

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15
Q

identification

A

acting like someone else to deal with anxiety

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16
Q

displacement

A

expressing feelings onto a less threatening substitute

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17
Q

reaction formation

A

forming a response that is the opposite of one’s unacceptable actual thoughts

18
Q

rationalization

A

making up acceptable excuses for unacceptable behaviors

19
Q

sublimation

A

turning socially unacceptable urges into acceptable behaviors

20
Q

regression

A

coping with stress by reverting to childlike patterns

21
Q

Conflicts that are not resolved can become

A

fixations

22
Q

oral stage (0-18 months)

A

mouth; conflict over weaning; associated with overeating or drinking, chain smoking, talking too much, gum chewing, dependence/optimism or aggression/pessimism

23
Q

anal stage (18-36 months)

A

anus; conflict over toilet training; associated with anal expulsive or anal retentive personalities

24
Q

phallic stage (3-6 years)

A

phallus; conflict over sexual feelings of the child; associated with Oedipus/Electra complex, castration anxiety and penis envy

25
Q

latency stage (6 years to puberty)

A

associated with hidden sexual feelings

26
Q

genital stage (puberty on)

A

entry into adult social and sexual behavior

27
Q

neo Freudians put more focus on the workings of the unconscious mind, the development of the personality, and the therapy based, which is called?

A

Psychoanalysis

28
Q

the collective unconscious contains universal human memories called

A

archetypes

29
Q

Alfred Adler believed what affected a child’s personality

A

birth order

30
Q

Karen Horney suggested that there was a male equivalent to penis envy known as

A

womb envy

31
Q

Horney argued that Children with poor upbringings would develop what type of personality?

A

NEUROTIC

32
Q

which theories are less concerned with the explanation of personality development and changing personality than they are with describing and predicting behavior based on that description?

A

trait theories

33
Q

what do Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers have in common

A

they believe that each human being is free to choose his or her own destiny

34
Q

what are the big 5 personality traits

A

openness, conscientious, neuroticism, agreeableness, openness and extraversion

35
Q

which researcher would likely attribute antisocial behaviors with a neurotic personality, stemming from basic anxiety ?

A

karen horney

36
Q

Extraversion

A

dimension of personality referring to one’s need to be with other people

37
Q

extroverts

A

people who are outgoing and sociable.

38
Q

Neo-Freudism

A

were followers of Freud who developed their own competing theories of psychoanalysis.

39
Q

Carl Jung

A

developed a theory of a collective unconscious

40
Q

erik erikson

A

developed a theory based on social rather than sexual relationships, covering the entire life span.

41
Q

halo effect

A

is the tendency of an interviewer to allow positive characteristics of a client to influence the assessments of the client’s behavior and statements.

42
Q

Projective Tests

A

are personality assessments that present ambiguous visual stimuli to the client and ask the client to respond with whatever comes to mind.

AP PSYCH TEST 1 (3 decks)

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