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General Chemistry > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is atomos?

A

the greek word for atoms

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2
Q

What do atoms compose?

A

all matter

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3
Q

What is STM?

A
  • scanning tunneling microscopy
  • a technique that can image and move individual atoms or molecules
  • discovered by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer
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4
Q

What are atoms? Who discovered them?

A
  • smallest identfieable unit of an element

- Leucippus and Democritus

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5
Q

How many elements are there?

A
  • 91 natural elements

- 20 synthetic elements

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6
Q

Leucippus and Democritus

A
  • first to propose that atoms were made of small indestructible particles
  • proposed that there were many different atoms that varied in shape and size
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7
Q

Plato and Aristotle

A
  • did not embrace atomic ideas of Leucippus and Democritus
  • believed that matter had no smallest part
  • substances where composed of water, air, earth, fire
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8
Q

What were the three laws that led to the development and acceptance of the atomic theory

A
  • the law of conservation of mass
  • the law of definite proportions
  • the law of multiple proportions
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9
Q

What is the Law of conservation of Mass?

A
  • in a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed
  • the mass of the reactant will equal the mass of the product
  • Antoine Lavoisier
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10
Q

What is The Law of Definite Proportions?

A
  • John Proust

- All samples of a given compound have the same proportions of their constituent element

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11
Q

What is the law of Multiple Proportions?

A

-when two elements form to different compounds, the masses of element B that combine with one g od element A can be expressed as a ratio of small whole numbers

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12
Q

Atomic Theory

A
  1. each element is composed of tiny, indestructible particles called atoms
  2. all atoms of a given element have the same mass and other properties that distinguish them from the atoms of other elements
  3. atoms combine in simple, whole number ratios to form compounds
  4. Atoms of one element can’t change into atoms of another element
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13
Q

Electron

A
  • discovered by JJ Thomson
  • negative charge
  • travel in straight lines
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14
Q

What are atoms made of?

A

Protons, Neutrons, and electrons

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15
Q

How are elements defined?

A

-by their number of protons in the nucleus

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16
Q

What is an Atomic number

A
  • the number of protons
  • symbol Z
  • unique to every element
17
Q

What is an isotope?

A

-atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

18
Q

What are natural abundances?

A

abundance of isotopes of a chemical element as naturally found on a planet

19
Q

How do you find the mass number of an element?

A
  • symbol A

- A= # of protons + number of elements

20
Q

what is the periodic law?

A

-when the elements are arranged in order of increasing mass, certain sets of properties recur periodically

21
Q

Describe today’s periodic table

A

-in order of increasing atomic number (Z)

22
Q

Describe Metals

A
  • lower left side and middle of periodic table
  • good conductor of heat and electricity
  • malleable
  • ductility
  • often shiny
  • tend to lose electrons when they undergo a chemical change
  • -tend to lose electrons, forming cations
23
Q

Describe non metals

A
  • 17 total
  • upper right hand side of the periodic table
  • poor conductors of heat
  • not ductile or malleable
  • gain electrons when they undergo chemical changes forming anions
24
Q

Describe metalloids

A
  • sometimes called semimetals
  • divides metals and non metals
  • exhibit mixed properties
  • semiconductors
25
Q

Main group of elements

A

-properties tend to be largely predictable based on their position in the periodic table

26
Q

Transition elements or metals

A

properties tend to be less predictable

27
Q

Describe noble gases

A
  • 8A

- similar properties

28
Q

alkali metals

A
  • 1A

- reactive metals

29
Q

alkaline earth metals

A
  • 2a

- fairly reactive

30
Q

Halogens

A
  • 7a
  • very reactive non metals
  • salt

General Chemistry (3 decks)

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