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General Chemistry > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are atoms?

A
  • submicroscopic particles
  • fundamental building blocks of all matter
  • never float alone, they would rather form to bind into molecules
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2
Q

Are free atoms rare or common in nature?

A

rare

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3
Q

What are molecules?

A

-made up of atoms that form a geometrical shape

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4
Q

What is the central goal of chemistry?

A

we need to understand the the atoms and molecules first to understand the substances they form around us and their behavior

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5
Q

What is the scientific approach on knowledge based on?

A

observation and experiments

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6
Q

What is the scientific approach to knowledge

A

a process to understand nature by observing it and its behavior, and conducting experiments to test our ideas

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7
Q

Wears are the key steps of the scientific method?

A

observation, formulation of hypothesis, experimentation, formulation of laws and theories

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8
Q

what is observation? what is another word for observation?

A
  • descriptions about the characteristics or behavior about nature
  • data
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9
Q

What do observations lead scientist to?

A

a hypothesis

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10
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A
  • is falsifiable

- tentative explanation of the obesrvations

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11
Q

What is a scientific law?

A
  • A brief statement that summerizes observations and predicts future ones
  • unlike state laws, you cannot choose to violate it
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12
Q

What is a theory?

A
  • One or more hypothesis
  • may form the bases of a scientific theory
  • a model of the way nature is
  • tries to explain not what nature does, by why
  • theories are validated by experiments
  • can never be fully proven because a new observation or experiment always has the potential to disprove it
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13
Q

What is matter?

A
  • Anything that occupies space
  • anything that has mass
  • can be classified as solid liquids of gas
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14
Q

How do you classify matter?

A
  • state (physical form)

- composition (the basic units that make it up)

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15
Q

What are the states of matter? How do they change state?

A
  • solid, liquid, gas

- based on temperature

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16
Q

Describe solid matter

A
  • atoms or molecules are packed close together
  • atoms or molecules vibrate, but do not move past one another
  • fixed volume and shape
  • very strong interactions btwn molecules
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17
Q

Describe liquid matter

A
  • atoms and molecules are tightly packed
  • have a fixed volume but not a fixed shape
  • strong interactions between particles
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18
Q

Describe gas matter

A
  • atoms and molecules are far from one another
  • no interactions btwn particles
  • no definite shape or volume
19
Q

Pure substance

A
  • made up of only one component and its composition is invariant
  • element or a compound
20
Q

Mixture

A
  • composed of two or more substances

- homogeneous or heterogeneous

21
Q

What is an element?

A
  • cant be chemically broken down
  • basic building blocks of matter
  • made of a single tape of atom
  • helium
22
Q

What is a compound?

A
  • can be broken down
  • created with two or more elements
  • water
23
Q

heterogenous

A
  • when two substances are mixed together but you can still tell them apart
  • separated by filtration
    ex: sand and water
24
Q

homogenous

A
  • when two substances are mixed together and you can’t tell them apart
  • have the same composition and properties
  • separated by distillation
    ex: water and sugar
25
Q

What is decanting?

A

carefully pouring water into another containter trying to separate the water from the sand

26
Q

what is a physical change?

A
  • changes the appearance of something not the composition
  • odor, color change, appearance, melting point, boiling point, and density
  • ex: water boiling
27
Q

what is a chemical change?

A
  • alters the composition
  • rearranges atoms to create new subs
  • corrosiveness, acidity, and toxicity
28
Q

What is energy?

A

-the capacity to do work

29
Q

What is work?

A

-action of force through distance

30
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

-energy associated with the motion of an object

31
Q

What is potential energy?

A

-energy associated with the composition of an object

32
Q

What is thermal energy?

A
  • energy associated with the temperature of an object

- type of kinetic energy

33
Q

What does the law of energy state?

A

-energy can’t be created nor destroyed

34
Q

What is mass?

A

-The measure of matter inside an object

35
Q

What is weight?

A

-the gravitational pull on matter

36
Q

What is temperature?

A
  • the average amount of the genetic energy of the atoms or molecules composed in the matter
  • thermal energy transfers from hot to cold
37
Q

What is accuracy?

A

-refers to how close the actual value is compared to the actual value

38
Q

What is precision?

A

-how close a series of measurements are to one another

39
Q

Plato

A
  • 427-347 bc
  • opposed the scientific approach to knowledge
  • best way to learn about reality was through reason
  • believed that the physical world was a representation of a
  • knowledge comes from reasoning and thinking not from observing
40
Q

Antoine Lavoisier

A
  • 1743-1794

- law of conservation

41
Q

John Dalton

A
  • 1766-1844

- proposed atomic theory which has been disproven

42
Q

What is the atomic theory?

A

matter is composed of indestructible components known as atoms

43
Q

What is a substance?

A

a particular form of matter

General Chemistry (3 decks)

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