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Fetal Echo > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Appropriate indications for fetal echocardiography include all of the following except:

A. maternal diabetes mellitus
B. maternal arthritis
C. maternal lupus erythematosus
D. maternal phenylketonuria

A

B. maternal arthritis

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2
Q

The most appropriate view to access the interventricular septum is the:

A. apical four-chamber view
B. subcostal four-chamber view
C. long-axis view of the aorta
D. long-axis view of the pulmonary artery

A

B. subcostal four-chamber view

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3
Q

The most appropriate view to Doppler the tricuspid and mitral valves is the:

A. apical four-chamber view
B. subcostal four-chamber view
C. long-axis view of the aorta
D. long-axis view of the pulmonary artery

A

A. apical four-chamber view

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4
Q

The most appropriate view to access ventricular chamber size is the:

A. apical four-chamber view
B. subcostal four-chamber view
C. long-axis view of the aorta
D. long-axis view of the pulmonary artery

A

B. subcostal four-chamber view

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5
Q

The most appropriate view to access the orientation of the great arteries is the:

A. apical four-chamber view
B. subcostal four-chamber view
C. short-axis view of the great vessels
D. short-axis view of the ventricles

A

C. short-axis view of the great vessels

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6
Q

According to the AIUM, the optimum time for performing a fetal echocardiogram is between:

A. 18 and 20 weeks’ gestation
B. 18 and 22 weeks’ gestation
C. 20 and 24 weeks’ gestation
D. 22 and 26 weeks’ gestation

A

B. 18 and 22 weeks’ gestation

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7
Q

The most common indication for performing a fetal echocardiogram is:

A. family history of congenital heart disease
B. exposure to cardiac teratogens
C. chromosome abnormality
D. extracardiac abnormality

A

A. family history of congenital heart disease

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8
Q

Fetal risk for a congenital cardiac abnormality is highest if which relative is affected:

A. mother
B. father
c. brother
D. sister

A

A. mother

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9
Q

The chromosome abnormality that carries the highest risk of an associated cardiac defect is:

A. Down syndrome
B. Turner syndrome
C. Edwards syndrome
D. DiGeeorge syndrome

A

C. Edwards syndrome

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10
Q

A fetal heart positioned on the right side of the fetal chest with the apex pointing rightward is termed:

A. levocardia
B. levoposition
C. dextrocardia
D. dextroposition

A

C. dextrocardia

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11
Q

A fetal heart positioned on the right side of the fetal chest with the apex pointing leftward is termed:

A. levocardia
B. levoposition
C. dextrocardia
D. dextroposition

A

D. dextroposition

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12
Q

The three-vessel view consists of all of the following vessels except:

A. pulmonary artery
B. aorta
C. superior vena cava
D. inferior vena cava

A

D. inferior vena cava

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13
Q

A normal E/A ratio of the mitral or tricuspid valve in the fetus is:

A. 2

A

A.

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14
Q

An abnormal E/A ratio may be indicative of:

A. polysplenia
B. asplenia
C. intrauterine growth restriction
D. oligohydramnios

A

C. intrauterine growth restriction

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15
Q

M-mode can be used to diagnose an arrhythmia by placing the cursor simultaneously through:

A. the left atrium and the right atrium
B. the left atrium and the right ventricle
C. the aorta and the pulmonary artery
D. the superior and inferior vena cavae

A

B. the left atrium and the right ventricle

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16
Q

Which of the following carries an increased risk for congenital heart disease?

A. echogenic intracardiac focus
B. prominent moderator band
C. prominent Chiari netowrk
D. persistent left superior vena cava

A

D. persistent left superior vena cava

17
Q

To assess a value for insufficiency, the pulsed Doppler cursor should be placed _________ to the valve.

A. proximal
B. distal
C. lateral
D. medial

A

A. proximal

18
Q

To assess a value for stenosis, the pulsed Doppler cursor should be placed _________ to the valve.

A. proximal
B. distal
C. lateral
D. medial

19
Q

Aortic override may be best visualized in which view?

A. apical four-chamber view
B. short-axis view of the great vessels
C. long-axis view of the aorta
D. three-vessel view

A

C. long-axis view of the aorta

20
Q

In a three-vessel-trachea view, the most anterior structure should be the:

A. pulmonary artery
B. aorta
C. superior vena cava
D. trachea

A

A. pulmonary artery

21
Q

The most common fetal cardiac abnormality associated with maternal infection is:

A. structural anomaly
B. dextrocardia
C. cardiomyopathy
D. arrhythmia

A

C. cardiomyopathy

22
Q

The most common fetal cardiac abnormality associated with maternal lupus erythermatous is:

A. premature atrial contraction
B. premature ventricular contraction
C. supraventricular tachycardia
D. complete heart block

A

D. complete heart block

23
Q

An increased nuchal translucency in the first trimester, with a normal karyotype, carries a risk of an associated heart defect of:

A. 0%-2%
B. 2%-5%
C. 5%-7%
D. 7%-10%

24
Q

The most appropriate view to assess atrial chamber size is the:

A. apical four-chamber view
B. subcostal four-chamber view
C. long-axis view of the aorta
D. long-axis view of the pulmonary artery

A

B. subcostal four-chamber view

25
Q

Angling the transducer toward the fetal right shoulder form a subcostal four-chamber view should result in visualization of a:

A. long-axis view of the aorta
B. long-axis view of the pulmonary artery
C. short-axis view of the great vessels
D. three-vessel view

A

A. long-axis view of the aorta

26
Q

Moving the transducer cephalad from an apical four-chamber view should result in visualization of a:

A. long-axis view of the aorta
B. long-axis view of the pulmonary artery
C. short-axis view of the great vessels
D. three-vessel view

A

D. three-vessel view

27
Q

Retrograde flow in the ductus arteriosus may be appreciated in all of the following views except:

A. long-axis view of the pulmonary artery
B. short-axis view of the great vessels
C. three-vessel view
D. apical five-chamber view

A

D. apical five-chamber view

28
Q

A fixed linear echo extending from the anterior junction of the inferior vena cava within the right atrium toward the foramen ovale represents the:

A. thebesian valve
B. eustachian vave
C. coronary valve
D. tricuspid valve.

A

B. eustachian vave

29
Q

Which of the following is false?

A. color Doppler imaging is angle dependent
B. pulsed Doppler imaging is angle dependent
C. color Doppler displace a peak velocity
D. pulsed Doppler imaging displays a peak velocity

A

C. color Doppler displace a peak velocity

30
Q

Pseudoreversal of the E/A wave relationship of the mitral valve is caused by:

A. inappropriate Doppler angle
B. intrauterine growth restriction
C. polycythemia
D. cardiomegaly

A

A. inappropriate Doppler angle

Fetal Echo (24 decks)

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