Chapter 2

Question 1

The new cell formed by the process of fertilization.

Answer 1

Zygote

Question 2

The basic units of genetic information

Answer 2

Genes

Question 3

The substance that genes are composed of that determines the nature of every cell in the body and how it will function.

Answer 3

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules

Question 4

Rod shaped portions of DNA better organized in 23 pairs

Answer 4

Chromosomes

Question 5

Twins who are genetically identical

Answer 5

Monozygotic twins

Question 6

Twins were produced went to separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperm at roughly the same time.

Answer 6

Dizygotic twins

Question 7

The one trait that is expressed went to competing traits are present

Answer 7

Dominant trait

Question 8

A trait within an organism that is present, but is not expressed.

Answer 8

Recessive trait

Question 9

The underlying combination of genetic material present (but not outwardly visible) in an organism

Answer 9

Genotype

Question 10

And observable trait; the trait that is actually seen

Answer 10

Phenotype

Question 11

Inheriting from parents similar genes for a given trait.

Answer 11

Homozygous

Question 12

Inheriting from parents different forms of a gene for a given trait.

Answer 12

Heterozygous

Question 13

Inheritance in which a combination of multiple gene pairs is responsible for the production of a particular trait.

Answer 13

Polygenetic inheritance

Question 14

Jeans that are considered recessive it located on the X chromosome.

Answer 14

X-linked genes

Question 15

The study of the effects of heredity on behavior and psychological characteristics

Answer 15

Behavioral genetics

Question 16

A disorder produced by the presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair; once referred to as mongolism.

Answer 16

Down syndrome

Question 17

A disorder produced by injury to Regina on the X chromosome, producing mild to moderate mental retardation

Answer 17

Fragile X syndrome

Question 18

A blood disorder that gets its name from the shape of the red blood cells in those who have it.

Answer 18

Sickle cell anemia

Question 19

I just ordered that produces blindness and muscle degeneration prior to death; there’s no treatment.

Answer 19

Tay-Sachs disease

Question 20

A disorder resulting from the presence of an extra X chromosome that produces underdeveloped genitals, extreme high, and enlarged breast.

Answer 20

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Question 21

The discipline that focuses on helping people deal with issues relating to inherited disorders.

Answer 21

Genetic counseling

Question 22

A process in which high-frequency sound waves scan the mothers womb to produce an image of the unborn baby, who size and shape can then be assessed.

Answer 22

Ultrasound sonography

Question 23

A test used to find genetic defects that involves taking samples of hair like material that surrounds the embryo.

Answer 23

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Question 24

The process of identifying genetic defects by examining a small sample of fetal cells drawn by a needle inserted into the amniotic fluid surrounding the unborn fetus.

Answer 24

Amniocentesis

Question 25

Patterns of arousal and emotionality that represent consistent and enduring characteristics in an individual

Answer 25

Temperament

Question 26

The determination of trades by a combination of both genetic and environmental factors in which a genotype provides a range with in which a phenotype may be expressed

Answer 26

Multi-factorial transmission

Question 27

The process by which a sperm and an ovum, the male and female gametes, respectively, joined to form a single new cell.

Answer 27

Fertilization

Question 28

The first, is shortest, stage of the prenatal period, which takes place during the first two weeks following conception.

Answer 28

Germinal stage

Question 29

A conduit between the mother and fetus, providing nurse meant and oxygen via the umbilical cord.

Answer 29

Placenta

Question 30

The period from 2 to 8 weeks following fertilization during which significant growth occurs in the major organs and body systems.

Answer 30

Embryonic stage

Question 31

The stage that begins at about eight weeks after conception, and continues until birth.

Answer 31

Fetal stage

Question 32

A developing child, from eight weeks after conception until birth.

Answer 32

Fetus

Question 33

The inability to conceive after 12 to 18 months of trying to become pregnant

Answer 33

Infertility

Question 34

The process of fertilization in which a man’s sperm is placed directly in to a woman’s vagina by a physician.

Answer 34

Artificial insemination

Question 35

A procedure in which a woman’s ova are removed from her ovaries and a man’s sperm are used to fertilize the ova in the laboratory.

Answer 35

In Vitro fertilization (IVF)

Question 36

And environmental agent that produces a birth defect

Answer 36

Teratogen

Question 37

A disorder caused by the pregnant mother consuming substantial quantities of alcohol during pregnancy, potentially resulting in mental retardation and delayed growth in the child

Answer 37

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Question 38

A condition in which children display some, though not all, of the problems of fetal alcohol syndrome and due to the mothers consumption of alcohol during pregnancy.

Answer 38

Fetal alcohol affects (FAE)