Chapter 2 Flashcards
The new cell formed by the process of fertilization.
Zygote
The basic units of genetic information
Genes
The substance that genes are composed of that determines the nature of every cell in the body and how it will function.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules
Rod shaped portions of DNA better organized in 23 pairs
Chromosomes
Twins who are genetically identical
Monozygotic twins
Twins were produced went to separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperm at roughly the same time.
Dizygotic twins
The one trait that is expressed went to competing traits are present
Dominant trait
A trait within an organism that is present, but is not expressed.
Recessive trait
The underlying combination of genetic material present (but not outwardly visible) in an organism
Genotype
And observable trait; the trait that is actually seen
Phenotype
Inheriting from parents similar genes for a given trait.
Homozygous
Inheriting from parents different forms of a gene for a given trait.
Heterozygous
Inheritance in which a combination of multiple gene pairs is responsible for the production of a particular trait.
Polygenetic inheritance
Jeans that are considered recessive it located on the X chromosome.
X-linked genes
The study of the effects of heredity on behavior and psychological characteristics
Behavioral genetics
A disorder produced by the presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair; once referred to as mongolism.
Down syndrome
A disorder produced by injury to Regina on the X chromosome, producing mild to moderate mental retardation
Fragile X syndrome
A blood disorder that gets its name from the shape of the red blood cells in those who have it.
Sickle cell anemia
I just ordered that produces blindness and muscle degeneration prior to death; there’s no treatment.
Tay-Sachs disease
A disorder resulting from the presence of an extra X chromosome that produces underdeveloped genitals, extreme high, and enlarged breast.
Klinefelter’s syndrome
The discipline that focuses on helping people deal with issues relating to inherited disorders.
Genetic counseling
A process in which high-frequency sound waves scan the mothers womb to produce an image of the unborn baby, who size and shape can then be assessed.
Ultrasound sonography
A test used to find genetic defects that involves taking samples of hair like material that surrounds the embryo.
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
The process of identifying genetic defects by examining a small sample of fetal cells drawn by a needle inserted into the amniotic fluid surrounding the unborn fetus.
Amniocentesis
Patterns of arousal and emotionality that represent consistent and enduring characteristics in an individual
Temperament
The determination of trades by a combination of both genetic and environmental factors in which a genotype provides a range with in which a phenotype may be expressed
Multi-factorial transmission
The process by which a sperm and an ovum, the male and female gametes, respectively, joined to form a single new cell.
Fertilization
The first, is shortest, stage of the prenatal period, which takes place during the first two weeks following conception.
Germinal stage
A conduit between the mother and fetus, providing nurse meant and oxygen via the umbilical cord.
Placenta
The period from 2 to 8 weeks following fertilization during which significant growth occurs in the major organs and body systems.
Embryonic stage
The stage that begins at about eight weeks after conception, and continues until birth.
Fetal stage
A developing child, from eight weeks after conception until birth.
Fetus
The inability to conceive after 12 to 18 months of trying to become pregnant
Infertility
The process of fertilization in which a man’s sperm is placed directly in to a woman’s vagina by a physician.
Artificial insemination
A procedure in which a woman’s ova are removed from her ovaries and a man’s sperm are used to fertilize the ova in the laboratory.
In Vitro fertilization (IVF)
And environmental agent that produces a birth defect
Teratogen
A disorder caused by the pregnant mother consuming substantial quantities of alcohol during pregnancy, potentially resulting in mental retardation and delayed growth in the child
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
A condition in which children display some, though not all, of the problems of fetal alcohol syndrome and due to the mothers consumption of alcohol during pregnancy.
Fetal alcohol affects (FAE)
