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PSY 210 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The field of study that examines patterns of growth, change, and stability and behavior that occur throughout the entire lifespan.

A

LifeSpan development

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2
Q

Development involving the bodies physical makeup, including the brain, nervous system, muscles, and senses, and the need for food, drink, and sleep.

A

Physical development

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3
Q

Development involving the ways that growth and change in intellectual capabilities influence a person’s behavior.

A

Cognitive development

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4
Q

Development involving the ways that the enduring characteristics that differentiate one person from another change over the lifespan.

A

Personality development

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5
Q

The way in which individuals interact with others in their social relationships grow, change, and remain stable over the course of life.

A

Social development

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6
Q

A group of people born at around the same time in the same place.

A

Cohort

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7
Q

Where are you gradual development in which achievements at one level build on those of previous levels.

A

Continuous change

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8
Q

Development that occurs in the state steps or stages, with each stage bringing about behavior that is assumed to be qualitatively different from behavior at earlier stages.

A

Discontinuous change

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9
Q

A specific time during development when a particular event has its greatest consequences and the presence of certain kinds of environmental stimuli is necessary for development to proceed normally.

A

Critical period

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10
Q

A point in development when organisms are particularly susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environment, but the absence of those stimuli does not always produce irreversible consequences.

A

Sensitive period

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11
Q

The predetermined unfolding of genetic information.

A

Maturation

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12
Q

Explanation and predictions concerning phenomena of interest, providing a framework for understanding the relationships among a organized set of facts or principles.

A

Theories

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13
Q

The approach stating that behavior is mowed motivated by inner forces, memories, and conflicts that are generally beyond peoples awareness and control.

A

Psychodynamic perspective

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14
Q

The theory proposed by Freud that suggest that unconscious forces at to determine personality and behavior.

A

Psychoanalytic theory

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15
Q

According to Freud, a series of stages that children pass the room in which pleasure, or gratification, focuses on a particular biological function and body part.

A

Psychosexual development

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16
Q

The approach that encompasses change in our interactions with and understandings of one another, as well as in our knowledge and understanding of ourselves as members of society.

A

Psychosocial development

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17
Q

The approach suggesting that the keys to understanding development are observable behavior and outside stimuli in the environment.

A

Behavioral perspective

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18
Q

A type of learning in which an organism responds in a particular way to a neutral stimulus that normally does not bring about that type of response.

A

Classical conditioning

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19
Q

A form of learning in which a voluntary is strengthened or weakened by its association with positive or negative consequences.

A

Operant conditioning

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20
Q

A formal technique for promoting the frequency of desirable behaviors and decreasing the incidence of unwanted ones.

A

Behavior modification

21
Q

Learning by observing the behavior of another person, called a model.

A

Social-cognitive learning theory

22
Q

The approach that focuses on the processes that allow people to know, understand, and think about the world.

A

Cognitive perspective

23
Q

Models that seek to identify the Waze individuals take it in, use, and store information.

A

Information processing approaches

24
Q

Approaches that examine cognitive development through the lens of brain processes

A

Cognitive neuroscience approaches

25
Q

The theory contending that people have a natural capacity to make decisions about their lives and control their behavior.

A

Humanistic perspective

26
Q

The theory that considers the relationship between individuals and their physical, cognitive, personality, and social worlds.

A

Contextual perspective

27
Q

These perspective suggesting that different levels of the environments simultaneously influence individuals.

A

Bioecological perspective

28
Q

Do you purchase that emphasizes how cognitive development proceeds as a result of social interactions between members of a culture.

A

Socialcultural theory

29
Q

The theory that seeks to identify behavior that is a result of our genetic inheritance from our ancestors.

A

Evolutionary perspective

30
Q

The process of posing and answering questions using careful, control techniques that include systematic, orderly observation and the collection of data.

A

Scientific method

31
Q

A prediction stated in a way that permits it to be tested.

A

Hypothesis

32
Q

Research that seeks to identify whether an association or relationship between two factors exist

A

Correlational research

33
Q

Research designed to discover causal relationships between various factors.

A

Experimental research

34
Q

A type of correlational study in which some naturally occurring behavior is observed without intervention in the situation.

A

Naturalistic observation

35
Q

The study that involves extensive, in-depth interviews with a particular individual or small group of individuals.

A

Case study

36
Q

A type of study where a group of people chosen to represent some larger population are asked questions about their attitudes, behavior, or thinking on a given topic.

A

Survey research

37
Q

Research that focuses on the relationship between physiological processes and behavior.

A

Psychophysiological methods

38
Q

A process in which an investigator, called an experimenter, devises two different experiences for participants and then studies and compares the outcomes.

A

Experiment

39
Q

The variable and researchers manipulate in an experiment.

A

Independent variable

40
Q

The variable that researchers measure in an experiment and expect to change as a result of the experimental manipulation

A

Dependent variable

41
Q

The group of participants chosen for the experiment.

A

Sample

42
Q

A research investigation carried out in a naturally occurring setting.

A

Field study

43
Q

A research investigation conducted in a controlled setting explicitly designed to hold events constant.

A

Laboratory study

44
Q

Research design specifically to test some developmental explanation and expand scientific knowledge

A

Theoretical research

45
Q

Research meant to provide practical solutions to immediate problems

A

Applied research

46
Q

Research in which the behavior of one or more participants in the study is measured as they age.

A

Longitudinal research

47
Q

Research in which people of different ages are compared at the same point in time.

A

Cross-sectional research

48
Q

Research in which researchers examine a number of different age groups over several points in time.

A

Sequential studies

PSY 210 (4 decks)

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