Chapter 2 Flashcards
What are all the characteristics of a metal ?
Low electronegativity Low affinity for electrons Large atomic radius Small ionic radius Low ionization evergy
What are the characteristics of a nonmetal ?
High ionization energy High affinity for electrons Small atomic radii Large ionic radii High electron affinity
Effective Z nuclear charge (Zeff)
As the positivity of nucleus increases the attraction between the valence electrons and nucleus increases
What happens to the atomic radius as we move across period ?
Radius decreases because the Zeff increases
Where is the smallest atomic radius ? What about the largest ?
Smallest : at the end of the group
largest : at the bottom of the period
How do you know if metalloids behave like metal or nonmetal ?
If they are above the stair case they behave like nonmetals
If they are below the stair case they behave like metals
Ionic radii of nonmetal close to the staircase
Larger the other nonmetals
Ionic radi of metals
Metals nears staircase have more electrons to lose so they have a small atomic radii
Metals near groups IA have less electrons to lose have a larger ionic radii
Ionization energy
Energy required to move a electron from a gaseous space
Endothermic process because it always requires heat
How does the ionization energy increase in a group or period ?
Ionization energy increases from left to right across period
Ionization energy increase from bottom to top on a group
First ionization energy
Energy requires to remove the first electro.
Second ionization energy
Energy required to remove a second electron
Electron affinity
Energy dissipated by a gaseous species after it gains am electron
Trend for electron affinity
Electron affinity increases from left to right
Electron affinity decreases from top to bottom
What is the relationship between ionization energy and electronegativity ?
Proportional ; as one increases so does the other
