Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is an input?
How data gets conveyed from the outside world into the computer
What is processing?
How the computer takes the data that it receives and deals with it.
What is output?
How data is conveyed to the user
What is Moore’s Law?
Components on silicon chips performance doubles every 18-24 months.
What is Metcalf’s law
Usefulness of a network increases by the square of the number of nodes of it.
What is a Network interface card
Device inside the computer that allows computers to connect to a network and the internet.
What is a BUS LAN topology
All of the deivces on the LAN are connected to a central cable or backbone.
What is a ring LAN?
Each device is connected to two others, one on either side.
What is a star LAN?
All devices are connected to a central hub.
What language protocol does Internet use?
TCP/IP
What language protocol do webpages use?
HTTP and HTML
What are CAT 5 and 6 wires used for?
Ethernet networks.
What quality of wiring should companies invest in?
The best since they may need the higher capacity in the future.
What is a router
Forwards data packets based on their IP.
What is a bridge?
Connects device to LAN by looking at MAC address. Looks at the end destination.
What is a HUB?
HUB has multiple ports and takes data in from one port and rebroadcasts them out on all the other ports.
What are switches? What type of device are they?
Smart devices that sends out data based on the port where it should go.
What is a gateway?
Connects networks that use different protocols to communicate
What is a PAN
Personal Area Network
What is the largest WAN?
The internet
When does a WAN become a MAN
A WAN that is found within a single metropolitian area is categorized as a MAN.
What is the data system that Google uses?
BIG Table
What is the type of storage used to store images?
BLOB (binary large object)
What is DDL? What do they do?
Data definition language that makes changes to the structure of the database by adding columns but not rows.
What is Data query language used for?
(C.R.U.D) Create retrieve Update Delete
What is a data mart?
A collection of data for a department or specific area of business.
What is OLAP? What do they do?
Online analytic processing - provides quick response to complex queries using the data stored in a data warehouse.
What do Online transaction processing do and what do they feed?
Provide data to a data warehouse and feeds the data used in OLAP.
What is an Entity relationship (ER) diagram?
Gives a conceptual representation of the structure of the data, which can be translated into a physical database.
What must each entity have?
An identifier.
What is a one to many relationsip
For every instance in entity 1, there may be multiple instances in entity 2.
What is metadata?
Data about data. Data dictionary.
What is system development life cycle?
End to end set of processes required to develop information systems.
What are the 7 steps of SDLC?
- Requirements
- Design
- Code/build
- Testing
- Implementation
- Verification
- Post implementation review
What is a waterfall SDLC approach
Complete one stage before moving onto the next.
What is a rapid application development model?
Developer presents what they have and takes feedback to improve to meet the end users needs.
What is agile software development model?
Small changes are made for continuous testing and adapting to changes. Good approach when requirements aren’t completely known in advance.
What is a Gantt chart
Visual representation of the tasks and key days that comprise a project.
What are slack days?
The difference between working days and effort days.
What are effort days?
The effort required to complete different tasks.
What are working days?
The number of possible work days between the start and end.
What are elapsed days?
Difference between the current date and the start date.
What is shown in a level 1 map?
The high-level processes and specifics of the inputs/outputs are identified.
What is a level 2 process map?
Details diagram created for every sub-process identified in the level 1 diagram.
What is a RACI chart used for
To identify the roles and responsibilities during a change process.
What is an informed group.
People who are notified that a task is completed, but are not consulted.
What are swim lanes?
Process mapping and flow charts for what each department is responsible for.
What are the main areas of review for a post implementation review
- Performance is evaluated.
- Systems- development life cycle is reviewed.
Actual operating costs compared with the estimated costs.
What type of business model is Ebay?
Consumer to Consumer
What type of business model is Amazon
Business to consumer
What is Electronic data interchange used for?
Exchange of information in a predetermined formant without human intermediary. Intended for long term relationships.
What is XML and why is it replacing EDI
XML is concerned with the contents of the data and can be used in templates that can transport data to and from organizations.
XML transmits data that is between which two symbols
What type of decision making requirements are of line-level staff
Operational decisions that ensure the jobs are done.
Who uses information systems that support tactical decision making
Middle level management.
What is top level management information system focused on
Support the attainment of competitive advantage for the firm, and are focused on strategic decision making.
What is DSS
Decision support system used to provide users with graphical information analysis and used for unstructured decision making at the top management level.
What is TPS
Transaction processing system. Process transaction to complete business units of work.
What are the two types of processing?
Batch and Real-time processing
What is an expert system?
Designed to emulate an experts decision making process.
What is enterprise resource planning
Integrating applications onto a single platform and into a single database, to support business.
What is customer relationship management?
Capture information from interactions from customers to mine and leverage customer behavior.
What are the three most common information systems?
Transaction processing systems, decision support systems, database management systems
What part of an email would be considered metadata?
The subject line
- Would tell you what the email is about. Data about data.
What are subset categories of IT?
Enterprise software and telecom services.
The entire set of technologies used for information processing describes what?
Information technology
What are the 3 main duties of business intelligence?
- Supply Chain management
- Enterprise resource planning
- Customer relationship management
What is supply chain management?
Management applied to movement of goods between partnering organization from the point of origin to the customer.
What is topology?
The geometric arrangement of devices on the network.
