Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is cultural identity

A

The particular character of the group communication system that emerges in a particular situation

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2
Q

Cultural identities are … Through communication

A

negotiated, co-created, reinforced, and challenged

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3
Q

Cultural identity emerges when…?

A

Messages are exchanged

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4
Q

Avowel

A

Our preception of ourselves

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5
Q

Ascription

A

Our perception of others and their perception of us

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6
Q

Core Symbols

A

The turban, chadur, wai, etc

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7
Q

Labels

A

The hyphenated Canadian

Chines-Canadian

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8
Q

Norms

A

Standards for performing culture appropriately and effectively and includes:
Affective (emotions and feelings) cognitive, behaviours

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9
Q

Context is

A

the information that surrounds an event; it is bound up with the meaning of the event

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10
Q

High Context:

A

A HC communication or message is one in which most of the information is already in the person, while very little is in the coded, explicitly transmitted part of the message

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11
Q

High Context: The group prefers to derive meaning from …

A

Observations

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12
Q

Is communication Indirect or direct?

A

Indirect

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13
Q

What 3 clues indicate HC context?

A
  1. Pay attention to contextual cues, non verbal behaviour, silence and sometimes metaphors
  2. Emphasis is based on trust in nonverbal communication
  3. Less verbal, comfortable with silence and reading between the lines
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14
Q

Low Context (LC)

A

The mass of the information is vested in the explicit code

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15
Q

In low context situations the group prefers to derive meaning from…

A

talk

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16
Q

Cultures become high context when cultures make sure that everyone has the same…

A

experiences

17
Q

What are the three face orientations

A
  1. Self-Face
  2. Other-Face
  3. Mutual - Face
18
Q

Self- Face

A

The protective concern for one’s own image when face is threatened in a conflict situation

19
Q

Other-Face

A

Concern for other party’s image in conflict

20
Q

Mutual Face:

A

Considers both parties image

21
Q

Face can be…

A

threatened, enhanced, given, saved and negotiated

22
Q

What are five tips for saving face?

A
  1. Do not point out peoples mistakes in public
  2. Only give sincere complements
  3. Show respect to elders, rank and status are very important
  4. Politely refuse gifts, be conscious of gift giving
  5. Dont point out people when they bend rules
23
Q

Universalist Behaviours

A

Tend to be rule based and abstract
Tend to imply equity; everyone should be treated the same
Tend to resist exceptions that might weaken the rule. There is a fear that once you start to make exceptions for those who break the rule “the system” will collapse or fall into disrepute
Frequently uses or tries to use the courts to mediate conflicts

24
Q

Particularist Behaviours

A

Focus on the exceptional nature of present circumstances. This person is not just a fellow citizen but my friend, brother, husband, business partner or associate. I must therefore sustain and protect this person no matter what the rules say
Is based on the logic of the heart and human relationship
Relationships are close and long lasting
Job turnover is low and commitments to labour force long term

25
Q

High context agreement……

A

Agreement to do business. If conditions change, details change

26
Q

Low Context agreement….

A

Rules and details governing contract are agreed upon first

27
Q

High context agreement……

A

Agreement to do business. If conditions change, details change

28
Q

Low Context agreement….

A

Rules and details governing contract are agreed upon first

29
Q

North American Western Culture Nature and Society: 4 things

A
  1. Heterogeneity- many
  2. Horizontal - Equality
  3. Guilt - Me, me alone
  4. Doing something
30
Q

Non Western Cultures Nature and Society 4 things

A
  1. Homogeneity - one
  2. Vertical Societies - Power Distance
  3. Shame
  4. Being
31
Q

North American Western Culture Interpersonal Relationship 2 things (Kinda 3)

A

Independence

  1. Informal
  2. Status is Achieved
32
Q

Non Western Cultures Interpersonal Relationships 2 kinda 3 items

A

Co-Dependence

  1. Formal
  2. Ascribed Status- being given the work or job