Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is cultural identity
The particular character of the group communication system that emerges in a particular situation
Cultural identities are … Through communication
negotiated, co-created, reinforced, and challenged
Cultural identity emerges when…?
Messages are exchanged
Avowel
Our preception of ourselves
Ascription
Our perception of others and their perception of us
Core Symbols
The turban, chadur, wai, etc
Labels
The hyphenated Canadian
Chines-Canadian
Norms
Standards for performing culture appropriately and effectively and includes:
Affective (emotions and feelings) cognitive, behaviours
Context is
the information that surrounds an event; it is bound up with the meaning of the event
High Context:
A HC communication or message is one in which most of the information is already in the person, while very little is in the coded, explicitly transmitted part of the message
High Context: The group prefers to derive meaning from …
Observations
Is communication Indirect or direct?
Indirect
What 3 clues indicate HC context?
- Pay attention to contextual cues, non verbal behaviour, silence and sometimes metaphors
- Emphasis is based on trust in nonverbal communication
- Less verbal, comfortable with silence and reading between the lines
Low Context (LC)
The mass of the information is vested in the explicit code
In low context situations the group prefers to derive meaning from…
talk
Cultures become high context when cultures make sure that everyone has the same…
experiences
What are the three face orientations
- Self-Face
- Other-Face
- Mutual - Face
Self- Face
The protective concern for one’s own image when face is threatened in a conflict situation
Other-Face
Concern for other party’s image in conflict
Mutual Face:
Considers both parties image
Face can be…
threatened, enhanced, given, saved and negotiated
What are five tips for saving face?
- Do not point out peoples mistakes in public
- Only give sincere complements
- Show respect to elders, rank and status are very important
- Politely refuse gifts, be conscious of gift giving
- Dont point out people when they bend rules
Universalist Behaviours
Tend to be rule based and abstract
Tend to imply equity; everyone should be treated the same
Tend to resist exceptions that might weaken the rule. There is a fear that once you start to make exceptions for those who break the rule “the system” will collapse or fall into disrepute
Frequently uses or tries to use the courts to mediate conflicts
Particularist Behaviours
Focus on the exceptional nature of present circumstances. This person is not just a fellow citizen but my friend, brother, husband, business partner or associate. I must therefore sustain and protect this person no matter what the rules say
Is based on the logic of the heart and human relationship
Relationships are close and long lasting
Job turnover is low and commitments to labour force long term
