Chapter 2 Flashcards
Agricultural revolution
The time when jump beings first domesticated plants and animals and no kinder relied entirely on hunting and gathering.
Arithmetic density
The total number of people divided by total land area.
Census
Procedure of squiring and recording info about members of population. Most important data source for human geographers.
Crude birth rate
Total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.
Crude death rate
Total number deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in society.
Demographic transition
Rates may vary among countries, but a similar process of change in a society’s population.
Demography
The scientific study of population characteristics.
Dependency ratio
The number of people who are too young or too old to work, compared to the number of people in their productive years.
Doubling time
The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.
Ecumene
The portion of earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement.
Epidemiological transition
Focuses on distinct causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition.
Epidemiology
The branch of medical science concerned with the incident, distribution, and control of disease that affect large numbers of people.
Infant mortality rate
The annual number of deaths of infants under age 1, compared to total live births.
Life expectancy
Measures the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live at current mortality levels.
Medical revolution
Caused late 20th century push of countries to stage 2. Medical technology was invented in Europe and North America, which then diffused to less developed countries such as Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
Natural increase rate (NIR)
The percentage by which a population grows in a year. NIR=CBR-CDR
Overpopulation
Not just total number of people on earth, but the problem of the relationship between number of people and availability of resources.
Pandemic
A disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high portion of the population.
Physiological Density
In a region, the number of people that are supported by a unit of area of arable land.
Population pyramid
A bar graph that displays a country’s population by age and gender groups.
Sex ratio
The number of males per hundred females in a population.
Total fertility rate (TFR)
The average number of children a woman will have throughout her child bearing years.
Zero population growth (ZPG)
A condition of demographic balance where the number of people in a specified population northern grows not declines. (Social aim)
Agricultural density
The ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land.
