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Human Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

anything that occupies space and has mass

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2
Q

Mass

A

the amount of materian in an object - always constant

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3
Q

Weight

A

varies with gravity

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4
Q

Energy

A

capacity to do work

kinetic and potential

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5
Q

Potential

A

stored energy - battery

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6
Q

Kinetic

A

energy in action - matter is moving - potential is changed to kinetic

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7
Q

Forms of energy

A

chemical, electrical, mechanical, radiant (electromagnetic)

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8
Q

Chemical

A

potential is stored in form of bonds between atoms and molecules. Break bond - potential is transformed into kinetic …ATP

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9
Q

Electrical

A

movement of charged particles - ions move across cell membranes (ions have a charge)

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10
Q

Mechanical

A

energy that directly moves matter -

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11
Q

Radiant (electromagnetic)

A

energy that travels in waves - light

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12
Q

Elements that make up 96% of human body

A

O, C, H, N

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13
Q

Protons

A

positively charges particles

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14
Q

Neutrons

A

Neutral - no charge

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15
Q

Electrons

A

Negatively charged particles - move in random around nucleus

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16
Q

Stable Element

A

overall charge is 0

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17
Q

Molecule

A

combo of 2 or more atoms held together by chemical bond - 2 atoms of oxygen bond together to give on molecule of 02 (gas)

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18
Q

Compound

A

combo of 2 or more different atoms heald together by chemical bond

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19
Q

Mixture

A

2 or more components physically mixed together

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20
Q

Solutions

A

homogeneous mixture of 2 or more components

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21
Q

Solvent

A

substance in greatest quantity

22
Q

Solute

A

substance in lesser amount

23
Q

Colloids

A

heterogeneous mixture that appears milky - like solution except particles larger scatter light

24
Q

Suspensions

A

heterogeneous mixture with particles large enough to settle out if given time

25
Q

Mixture

A

no chemical bonding between components - easy to separate out the substances of a mixture

26
Q

Compound

A

chemical bonding occurs - very difficult to separate - think of plain water

27
Q

Electron shells

A

the space that electrons occupy

28
Q

Valence Shell

A

outermost shell

29
Q

Octet Rule

A

atoms (except hydrogen) want 8 electrons in valence shell

30
Q

Anion

A

gains the electron

31
Q

Cation

A

loses the electron

32
Q

Covalent bond

A

occur by the sharing of electron pairs

33
Q

Single covalent bond

A

one electron pair

34
Q

double covalent bond

A

two electron pairs

35
Q

triple covalent bond

A

three electron pairs

36
Q

nonpolar compounds

A

electrically balanced - charges shared equally

37
Q

polar compounds

A

due to unequal electron sharing

38
Q

hydrogen bonds

A

due to polarity of the water molecules and are weak (therefore easily broken)

39
Q

reactants

A

substances entering reactions

40
Q

products

A

substances formed by a chemical reaction

41
Q

Synthesis Reaction

A

chemical bonds are formed A+B=AB

42
Q

Decomposition Reaction

A

chemical bonds are broken AB=A+B

43
Q

Exchange Reaction

A

Includes both decomposition and synthesis

AB+CD =AD + BC

44
Q

Oxidation-Reduction (redox)

A

Combo of decomposition and electron exchange reactions

45
Q

Electron donor is oxidized

A

Na loses an electron to Cl

46
Q

Electron acceptor is reduced

A

CL receives an electron from Na

47
Q

Endergonic Reaction

A

absorb energy - requires energy makes bonds (stores energy)

48
Q

Exergonic Reaction

A

release energy - produces energy (bonds are broken)

49
Q

Temperature

A

higher temp creates faster particle movement and increases rate of rxn

50
Q

Concentration

A

increase concentration increase rxn rate

51
Q

Particle size

A

smaller particle leads to increase of rxn rate

52
Q

Catalyst

A

increase rate of rxns - body uses enzymes - brings chemicals closer together - not changed by rxn

Human Anatomy and Physiology (3 decks)

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