Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is the law of conservation of mass?
Mass is neither created nor destroyed
What is the law of definite proportion?
A given compound always contains the same proportions of elements by mass
What is the law of multiple proportions?
When two elements form a series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with one gram of the first element can always be reduced to small whole numbers
What is Dalton’s theory?
- Each element is made up of tiny particles called atoms
- The atoms of a given element are identical
- Chemical compounds are formed when atoms combine with each other. A given compound always has the same relative numbers and types of atoms
- Chemical reactions involve reorganizations of the atoms. The atoms themselves are not changed in a chemical reaction
What is Avagadro’s hypothesis?
At the same conditions of temperature and pressure, equal volumes of different gases contain the same number of particles.
What is JJ Thompson known for?
- Determined the charge to mass ratio of the electron
- Reasoned tha tall atoms must contain electrons
- Reasoned that all atoms must contain positive charges
What did Millikan determine?
- Oil drop experiments determined the charge on an electron
2. With charge information, and Thomson’s charge/mass ratio, he determined the mass of an electron (9.11 x 10-31 kg)
What is a Gamma ray?
High energy light
What is a Beta particle?
High speed electron
What is an alpha particle?
Nuclear particle with a 2+ charge
What is an isotope?
Atoms with the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons
What are some metals associated with heavenly bodies?
Fe, Cu, Hg, Sn, Au
What is the phlogiston theory?
Phlogiston is contained within metals and upon combustion is released and the “true form” of the material appears.
