Chapter 2

Question 1

raw scores

Answer 1

scores that have not been averaged, sorted, or processed yet

Question 2

distribution

Answer 2

is the pattern of a set of numbers

Question 3

frequency table

Answer 3

A table for organizing a set of data that shows the number of times each item or number appears.

Question 4

cumulative percentages

Answer 4

Also known as percentile. It is the percentage of scores equal to or lower than a given score value. cum percent equals crf a 100

Question 5

grouped frequency table

Answer 5

is a visual depiction of data that reports the frequencies within a given interval rather than the frequencies for a specific value

Question 6

histogram

Answer 6

a bar graph that shows the frequency of data within equal intervals

Question 7

frequency polygon

Answer 7

a graph line wih the x-axis representing values and the y-axis representing frequencies

Question 8

central tendency

Answer 8

measure of the “central” scores in a data set, or where the group tends to cluster

Question 9

mean

Answer 9

an average of n numbers computed by adding some function of the numbers and dividing by some function of n

Question 10

statistics

Answer 10

the collection and classification of data that are in the form of numbers

Question 11

parameters

Answer 11

the numbers based on the whole population

Question 12

median

Answer 12

The middle number in a set of numbers that are listed in order

Question 13

mode

Answer 13

the most frequent value of a random variable

Question 14

unimodal

Answer 14

having a single mode

Question 15

bimodal

Answer 15

distributions with two modes

Question 16

multimodal

Answer 16

distributions with more than two modes

Question 17

outlier

Answer 17

an extreme deviation from the mean

Question 18

range

Answer 18

a measure of variability calculated by subtracting the lowest score from the highest score

Question 19

standard deviation

Answer 19

the typical amount that the scores in a samoke vary, or deviate, from the mean

Question 20

deviation from the mean

Answer 20

the amount that a score in a sample differs from the mean of the sample

Question 21

variance

Answer 21

the average of the squared deviations from the mean

Question 22

sum of squares

Answer 22

symbolizes as SS in the sum of the squared deviations from the mean fro each score

Question 23

normal distribution

Answer 23

a specific frequency distribution in the shape of a bell-shaped, symmetric, unimodal curve

Question 24

skewness

Answer 24

describes how much one of the tail of the distribution is pulled away from the center

Question 25

kurtosis

Answer 25

describes how flat or how peaked a curve is

Question 26

positively skewed

Answer 26

data, the distribution’s tail extends to the right, in a positive direction

Question 27

floor effect

Answer 27

a situation in which a constraint prevents a variable from taking values below a certain point

Question 28

ceiling effect

Answer 28

a situation in which a constraint prevents a variable from taking values above a certain point

Question 29

negative skewed

Answer 29

data, the distribution’s tail extends to the left, in a negative direction

Question 30

mesokurtic

Answer 30

describes a normal distribution

Question 31

leptokurtic

Answer 31

describes curves that are tall and thin with thicker tails

Question 32

platykurtic

Answer 32

describes curves that are short and fat with thinner tails

Question 33

interquartile range

Answer 33

the difference between the first and third quartiles of a data set

Question 34

first quartile

Answer 34

marks the 25th percentile of a data set

Question 35

third quartile

Answer 35

marks the 75th percentile of a data set