Chapter 2

Question 1

The human movement system of kinetic chain consists of the

Answer 1

muscular, skeletal and nervous system

Question 2

neurons are comprised of which three parts?

Answer 2

cell body, axon, dendrites

Question 3

what structures are responsible for sensing distortions of body tissue brought about through stretch, compression, traction, or tension?

Answer 3

mechanoreceptors

Question 4

which of the following sensory receptors will cause a muscle to relax when excited?

Answer 4

golgi tendon organs

Question 5

which sensory receptor is most sensitive to change length of muscle and the rate of that change?

Answer 5

muscle spindles

Question 6

Actin and myosin are the primary components of myofilaments that make what?

Answer 6

myofibril

Question 7

The central nervous system is composed of what?

Answer 7

brain and spinal cord

Question 8

The peripheral nervous system consists of what?

Answer 8

nerves and connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body

Question 9

Sensory function of the nervous system

Answer 9

the ability of the nervous system to sense change in either the internal or external environment

Question 10

integrative function of the nervous system

Answer 10

the ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret the sensory information to allow for proper decision making which produces an appropriate response

Question 11

Motor Function

Answer 11

the neuromuscular response to the sensory information

Question 12

Proprioception

Answer 12

the body ability to sense the relative position of adjacent parts of the body

Question 13

Neuron

Answer 13

the functional unit of the nervous system, that processes and transmits information through both electrical and chemical signals

Question 14

Sensory (afferent) neurons

Answer 14

transmit nerve impulses from effector sites such as muscles and organs to the brain and spinal cord

Question 15

Interneurons

Answer 15

transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another

Question 16

Motor (efferent) neurons

Answer 16

Transmit nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body

Question 17

Somatic nervous system

Answer 17

nerves that serve the outer parts of the body and skeletal muscle, and are largely responsible for voluntary movement

Question 18

Autonomic system

Answer 18

supplies neural input to the involuntary systems of the body

Question 19

Sympathetic

Answer 19

increase levels of activation in preparation for activity

Question 20

Parasympathetic

Answer 20

decrease levels of activation during rest and recovery

Question 21

What do the 4 sensory receptors do? mechanoreceptors, nociceptors, chemoreceptors, photoreceptors?

Answer 21

• Mechanoreceptors: mechanical forces (touch and pressure)
• nociceptors: respond to pain (pain receptors)
• chemoreceptors: chemical interactions (smell and taste)
• photoreceptors: respond to light

Question 22

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 22

specialized structures that respond to mechanical pressure within tissues and then transmit signals through sensory nerves

Question 23

Muscle spindles

Answer 23

sensory receptors within muscles that run parallel to the muscle fibers and are sensitive to change in length and rate of length change

Question 24

Golgi Tendon Organs

Answer 24

receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and rate of that change

Question 25

Joint receptors

Answer 25

Receptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of the joint

Question 26

Skeletal system

Answer 26

The bodys framework composed of bones and joints

Question 27

Bones

Answer 27

provide a resting ground for muscles and protection for vital organs

Question 28

Joints

Answer 28

Junctions of bones, muscles, and connective tissue at which movement occurs. Also known as articulation

Question 29

Axial skeleton

Answer 29

Made up of the skull, rib cage, and the vertebral column. Approx. 80 bones

Question 30

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 30

made up of the upper and lower extremities as well as the shoulder and pelvic girdles. 126 bones

Question 31

Main functions of bones?

Answer 31

1. leverage

2. provide support

Question 32

Remodeling

Answer 32

The process of resorption and formation of bone

Question 33

Osteoclasts

Answer 33

A type of bone cell that removes bone tissue (clean)

Question 34

Osteoblasts

Answer 34

A type of bone cell that is responsible for bone formation (build)

Question 35

Types of bones and example of each

Answer 35

• long; humorous, femur
• short: carpals of hand, tarsals of feet
• flat: scapulae, patella
• irregular: vertbrae
• sesamoid: patella

Question 36

Epiphysis

Answer 36

The end of long bones, which is mainly composed of cancellous bone, and houses much of the red marrow involved in red blood cell production

Question 37

Diaphysis

Answer 37

the shaft part of the bone, predominantly compact bone

Question 38

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 38

AKA growth plate, region of long bone connecting the diaphysis to the epiphysis

Question 39

Periosteum

Answer 39

dense membrane composed of fibrous connective tissue that closely wraps all bone, except that of the articulating surfaces in joints, which are covered by a synovial membrane

Question 40

Medullar cavity

Answer 40

the central cavity of bone shafts where marrow is stored, predominantly composed of adipose tissue and serves as a useful energy reserve

Question 41

Articular (hyaline) cartilage

Answer 41

Cartilage that covers the ends of articulating bones

Question 42

Depressions

Answer 42

Flattened or indented portions of bones, which can be muscle attachment sites

Question 43

Processes

Answer 43

Projections protruding from the bone where muscles, tendons, and ligaments can attach

Question 44

Verterbral column

Answer 44

series of irregularly shaped bones called vertebrae that houses the spinal cord

Question 45

Arthrokinematics

Answer 45

Joint motion

Question 46

what are the 3 major joint motions?

Answer 46

roll, slide, spin

Question 47

Synovial joint

Answer 47

joints that are held together by a joint capsule and ligaments and are associated with movement in the body
-comprise 80% of all the joints in the body and have the greatest capacity for movement