Chapter 2 Flashcards
___% of Americans owned a radio by 1930
50
Pianos were kept in the studio to
“fill time”
Most radio served ______________
commercial interests
______% of stations were owned by corporations
75
Top radio corporations.
GE
AT&T
RCA
Westinghouse
75% of stations were owned by _______________
corporations
Solution for Madness on the Airways in 1919-1925
station classification
Station Classification
Class A stations
Class B stations
Run by individuals (armatures). Ham radio operators
Class A stations
Run by corporations. Stringent programming standards (live vs. recorded)
Class B stations
Station Classification caused lots of law suites because of 1st Amendment Violations and lead to ________________
Radio Act of 1927
- Open access was rejected
- –Fewer good broadcasters were better than lots of mediocre ones - Radio would be regulated
- Broadcasters must be licensed.
- FRC (Federal Radio Commission) was created
- Radio stations could operate with commercial interests
- –Play ads and make $$$$$$
Radio Act of 1927
The idea that fewer good broadcasters were better than lots of mediocre ones, which was rejected due to the Radio Act of 1927
Open access
Under the Radio Act of 1927 radio would be ________
regulated
Under the Radio Act of 1927 broadcasters must be _________
licensed
Under the Radio Act of 1927 this commission was created
FRC
FRC
Federal Radio Commission
Under the Radio Act of 1927 radio stations could operate with _______________. Play ads and make $$$$$$
Commercial interests
The provisions of the 1927 Radio Act were known as the ________________
Progressive Compromise
Instead of a nationally controlled radio system the US decided on a corporately controlled radio system acting under guidelines imposed by the US Govt.
Progressive Compromise
The implications of this “compromise” are still felt today
Progressive Compromise
The newly created FRC went to work doing away with ________________
“unimportant stations.”
The first radio network signed on in _______
1926
What was the first radio station?
NBC
NBC
National Broadcasting Company
A new type of radio entertainment swept America by storm.
A show/serial featuring ________________
Recurring characters
A handful of central performers who returned each week creating a sense of continuity and community
Recurring characters
Recurring characters gave an invisible intimacy developed between these characters and the audience, and it resulted in ____________ & _____________
Tremendously popular & profitable shows
____________ are the only stations in a market authorized to air a network’s programs.
Affiliates
As the popularity of these programs rose, stations rushed to become NBC ______________
Affiliates
Several frustrated station owners who were unable to become NBC affiliates joined together and created the _____________ in 1927
CBS
CBS
Columbia Broadcasting System
When was CBS created?
1927
While radio was thriving (based on popularity), it sacrificed ___________ & ____________
flexibility & individuality
__________ stations found it harder and harder to survive.
Unaffiliated
In 1934 Congress passed the _____________ which abolished the FRC and created the FCC
Communications Act
FCC
Federal Communications Commission
The FCC was created to help break up some of the communications ________ that had developed by 1934.
monopolies
What year was the Communications Act passed
1934
The most notable monopoly that was broken up by the FCC was NBC, which eventually spawned the ___________
ABC
ABC
American Broadcasting Company
The FCC was mandated with _____________________
Safeguarding America’s airwaves
-Ensuring limited interference
-Issuing licenses
-Shutting down pirate radio stations
(Pirate radio generally describes the unlicensed broadcast of AM or FM radio wave signals over a wide range)
-Maintaining decency on the air
Safeguarding America’s airwaves, handled by FCC
________radio generally describes the unlicensed broadcast of AM or FM radio wave signals over a wide range
Pirate
The FCC has the authority to punish any party who “utters any _______,______, or_______ language by means of radio communication.”
Indecent
Obscene
Profane
“language or material that, in context, depicts or describes, in terms patently offensive as measured by contemporary community standards for the broadcast medium, sexual or excretory organs or activities.”
Indecent
Obscene
Depicts or describes sexual conduct in a patently offensive way
The average person, applying contemporary community standards would find that the work, taken as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest in sex;
Obscene
Taken as a whole, the work lacks serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value.
Obscene
“language so GROSSLY OFFENSIVE to members of the public who actually hear it as to amount to a NUISANCE”
Profane
Safe Harbor
10pm-6am
FCC thinks children are asleep from 10p-6a.
Safe Harbor
Bubba the Love Sponge, Howard Stern, O&A, Imus and others would be played during
Safe Harbor
The FCC rules are
SUBJECTIVE!
