Chapter 2

Question 1

diffusion

Answer 1

the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density

Question 2

osmosis

Answer 2

the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane

Question 3

passive transport

Answer 3

the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell

Question 4

active transport

Answer 4

the movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy

Question 5

endocytosis

Answer 5

the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell

Question 6

exocytosis

Answer 6

the process in which a cell releases a particle by enclosing the particle in a vesicle that then moves to the cell surface and fuses with the cell membrane

Question 7

photosynthesis

Answer 7

the process by which plants algae and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to make food

Question 8

cellular respiration

Answer 8

the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food

Question 9

fermentation

Answer 9

the breakdown of food without the use of oxygen

Question 10

cell cycle

Answer 10

the life cycle of a cell

Question 11

chromosome

Answer 11

in a eukaryotic cell one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA

Question 12

homologous chromosomes

Answer 12

chromsomes that have the same sequenceof genes and the same structure

Question 13

mitosis

Answer 13

in eukaryotic cells a process of cell division that forms two nuclei each of which has the same number of chromosomes

Question 14

cytokinesis

Answer 14

the division of the cytoplasm of acell