chapter 2

Question 1

The 4 major families of organic molecules in cell

Answer 1

sugars——–polysaccharides
fatty acids——-fats, lipids, membranes
amino acids——-proteins
nucleotides——nucleic acids

Question 2

Formation of macromolecules occurs by

Answer 2

condensation reactions

Question 3

What occurs in condensation reactions ?

Answer 3

Subunits are added to one end of a growing chain by dehydration synthesis.

Question 4

reverse reaction is______

Answer 4

????

Question 5

The condensation of 2 monosaccharides produces one__________.

Answer 5

disaccharide

Question 6

What are the 2 parts of fatty acids?

Answer 6

Hydrophilic carboxylic acid head and hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail

Question 7

Fatty acids are stored as energy reserves (fats and oils) through ester linkage to glycerol to form:

Answer 7

triacylglycerols

Question 8

Saturated fatty acids have _____ hydrophobic tails, meaning there are no _______ _______.

Answer 8

straight, double bonds

Question 9

Unsaturated fatty acids have _______hydrophobic tails, meaning there are _______ _______, less______.

Answer 9

curvy, double bonds, hydrogen.

Question 10

Saturated fatty acids tend to do what?

Answer 10

form aggregates and deposits within the walls of blood vessels causing atherosclerosis of coronary blood vessels.

Question 11

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 11

Cis unsaturated fatty acids do not for solid aggregates.

Trans tend to aggregate and for solid deposits.

Question 12

Oleic acid

Answer 12

is a cis unsaturated fatty acid that comprises of up to 80% of olive oil.

Question 13

Elaidic acid

Answer 13

is a trans unsaturated fatty acid and a major trans fat found in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils.

Question 14

Oleic acid and elaidic acid are ________.

Answer 14

isomers

Question 15

How does saturated fatty acids affect a membrane?

Answer 15

It makes it less fluid because they tend to aggregate.

Question 16

How does cis unsaturated fatty acids affect a membrane?

Answer 16

reduces membrane rigidity because they do not form solid aggregates.

Question 17

nucleoside:

Answer 17

ribonucleosides:
guanosine
adenosine
cytidine
uridine

deoxyribonucleosides:
deoxyguanosine
deoxyadenosine
deoxycytidine
deoxythymidine

Question 18

nucleotides:

Answer 18

ribonucleosides or deoxyribonucleosides + phosphates

Question 19

polymers:

Answer 19

Chains of monomeric subunits

Question 20

polysaccharides, polypeptides, polynucleotides form from the _______ bonding of their monomeric subunits.

Answer 20

covalent

Question 21

interactions between macromolecules are mediated by _________ bonds of compatible groups.

Answer 21

noncovalent

Question 22

Cyclic AMP have what type of interactions?

Answer 22

Noncovalent interactions between a protein and its bound ligand.