Chapter 2, 3 Flashcards
Protons have what kind of charge?
Positive
Electrons have what kind of charge?
Negative
Neutrons have what kind of charge?
Neutral
What is considered to be the basic building block of matter?
The atom
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons are generally referred to as…?
Fundamental particles
The nucleus of an atom is made up of what?
Protons and Neutrons (collectively called nucleons)
What particles are orbiting the nucleus of an atom?
Electrons
If the atom gains an extra electron, the atom will have a net negative charge, which is also called…
A negative ion, or anion
If the atom loses an electron, the atom will have a net positive charge, which is also called…
A positive ion, or cation
The force that holds the protons and neutrons together to form the nucleus of the atom..
Binding energy
The two types of atomic interactions in the x-ray tube that produces x-rays…
Characteristic and Bremsstrahlung
What are the energy levels of an atom called?
Electron Shells
Each electron shell of an atom is labeled starting with the letter ____.
K
The ____ shell has the greatest binding energy.
K (Closest to the nucleus)
What is the octet rule?
States that a maximum of 8 electrons may be present in the outermost shell of any atom
Atomic number refers to…?
The number of protons the nucleus of the atom contains
Atomic mass refers to…?
The number of protons plus neutrons an atom’s nucleus contains
What is an ionic bond?
A chemical bond that’s formed when an atom transfers and electron to another atom
What is a covalent bond?
A chemical bond formed when two or atoms share electrons
What are the only energy waves capable of ionizing matter?
X-rays and gamma rays
What energy waves are used in MRI?
Radiowaves
Nuclear medicine uses what type of energy waves?
Gamma rays
All electromagnetic radiation has no mass, carries energy in waves, and travels…
At the speed of light
All electromagnetic radiation travels at the same velocity, and varies only in their…?
Energy, wavelength, and frequency
What can exist apart from matter and can travel through a vacuum?
Electromagnetic energy
Energy is measured in what unit?
Electron volts
Wavelength
Measure of distance from the peak of one wave to the peak of the next wave
Frequency
Number of waves that pass a given point per second
The relationship between wavelength and frequency is…
Inverse (longer wavelength, lower frequency or shorter wavelength, higher frequency)
Wavelength is generally expressed in…
Meters (m)
Frequency is generally expressed in…
Hertz (hz)
The intensity of electromagnetic radiation ___________ over distance.
Decreases
Higher-energy electromagnetic radiation tends to exhibit more ________ characteristics.
Particle
Lower-energy electromagnetic radiation tends to exhibit more __________ characteristics.
Wave
What is ionization?
The removal of an electron from an atom
What is an ion pair?
The atom and the electron that was removed from it
