Chapter 2 Flashcards
The 5 sectors of society that were important to colonial parties were:
1) ROYALISTS - holders of royal lands, offices, and patents (licenses to engage in profession, business activity)
2) SOUTHERN PLANTERS
3) THE NEW ENGLAND MERCHANTS
4) SHOPKEEPERS, ARTISANS, LABORERS
5) SMALL FARMERS
these groups wherein conflict over taxation, trade, and commerce.
What was the American revolution and American constitution to the country?
They were outgrowths and expressions of a struggle among the economic and political forces within the colonies.
What did British tax and trade policies do after 1760?
Split the colonial elite, permitting radical forces to expand their political influence and set in motion a chain of events that culminated in the american revolution.
In 1760 why did the British search for new revenues of money?
Due to its debts and other financial problems. This led to “crowns North American colonies” which paid little taxes to their parent country. The British reasoned that a lot of its debt had accurred while defending the colonies in the French and Indian war. As well as the cost of the continuing protection that British forces were giving protection from Indian attacks and the British navy colonial shipping.
What did the British turns toward to fix its debt problem?
The Stamp Act and Sugar Act of 1764; which taxed sugar, molasses and other commodities, effected the New England merchants and southern planters the most.
What did merchants and planters do in place of the new British tax?
Merchants and planters sought opposition of this new tax. They turned to shopkeepers, artisans, farmers, and laborers for help. They organized demonstrations and boycott British goods forcing the crown to drop most of its hated taxes.
What did the East India Company do?
The British government made the east India company a monopoly on the export of tea from Britain, eliminating trade for colonial merchants. The east India company sought to sell tea directly in e colonies instead of working through the colonial merchants.
What was the Boston tea party?
In 3 colonies, anti-tax Americans succeeded in blocking the unloading of taxed tea, which then had to be returned to Britain. A group led by Samuel Adams and men dressed like Indians threw the entire cargo of 342 chests of tea into the harbor. This made merchants hope that the British would rescind the tea act but they DID NOT. This led to the 1st congressional congress, an assembly of delegates from all parts of the country which called for a boycott of British goods and the possibility of independence from British rule.
Why did Samuel Adams and Christopher Gadsen lead the Boston tea party?
They needed Britain’s political repression to create widespread support for independence.
What was the 2nd congressional congress?
It appointed a committee to create a draft statement of American independence from British rule. (THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE BY THOMAS JEFFERSON)
What’s was the philosophical part of the Deceleration?
It was remarkable for its assertion of certain rights - “unalienable rights” that include life, liberty, and the pursuit if happiness could not be abridged by the government. The Dec. was an attempt to articulate and identify a history and set of principles that might forge national unity.
What was the articles of confederation?
The u.s. 1st written constitution. The articles goals was to limit e powers of the central government.
What’s is the relationship between National and State government?
This relationship is called a CONFEDERATION. The national government was vested in a congress at that time not a president and few laws to be left to the states.
Congresses powers in the articles of confederation are?
To declare war , make peace, make treaties and alliance, coin and borrow money, regulate trade with North Americans.
Central governments power in relation to states in the articles of confederation?
Central government could not prevent 1 state from discriminating against the other states I’m the competition for foreign commerce.
European powers and states?
Competition among states for foreign commerce allowed the European powers to play the states off 1 another, which created confusion both sides of the Atlantic.
Why were New England merchants and southern planters troubled about the continental congress?
They were troubled by the influence that radical forces exercised in the continental congress and In the governments of several states.
The colonists victory in revolutionary war?
This significantly changed the balance of political power within the new states. As a result, 1 key segment of the colonial elite (royal land, office, parent holders) were stripped of its economic and political privileges. Under the articles, the central government. Was powerless to intervene.
What happened at the conference in Annapolis, Maryland held by the Virginia legislature?
Not much was accomplished because only 5 states attended. This conference was the first step to the 2nd founding. 1 positive thing that came out of this convention was a revolution calling on congress to send commissioners to Philadelphia at a later time “to devise such further provisions as shall appear to them necessary to render the constitution of the federal government adequate to the exigencies of the union.” THE RESOLUTION DID NOT IMPLY ANY DESIRE THAN TO DO KORE THAN IMPROVE AND RFORM THE ARTICLES.
Who was Daniel Shay and what did he do?
Daniel Shay led a mob of farmers in a rebellion against the government of Massachusetts. The purpose was to prevent foreclosures on their debt ridden land by keeping the country courts of western Massachusetts from sitting until after the election.
What happened in Shay’s Rebellion?
The state militia dispersed the mob, but shay and his followers terrified the state government by attempting to capture the federal arsenal at Springfield, provoking an appeal to the congress to help restore order. The state government eventually regained control and captured 14 rebels. Later a newly elected state legislature granted some of the demands.
What happened because of congress’s slow response to act decisively in times of crisis.
This gave critics of the articles with the evidence they needed to push the Annapolis resolution to congress. States were asked to send reps to Philly to discuss a constitutional revision. 55 out of 75 reps attended the convention, representing ever state except Rhode Island and 39 signed the new constitution.
