Chapter 2 Flashcards
True or false
Our liver converts toxic ammonia to a harmless substance called urea through its enzymes
True
True or false
ATP Is the high-energy fuel molecule the cells need in order to function
True
True or false
Water serves as a medium or solvent in which other reactions occur, and Watters referred to as the universal solvent
True
True or false
Chloride is necessary for muscle contraction, as well as for building strong bones
False
Chloride is necessary for nervous transmission
True or false
Energy storage is the more common function of carbohydrates
True
True or false
Enzymes are proteins catalysts that block a chemical reaction
False
Enzymes are proteins catalyst, which increase the rate of chemical reactions without being affected by the reaction
True or false
The plasma membrane of cells is a selectively permeable membrane
True
True or false
Concerning the effect of temperature on diffusion, the higher the temperature, the faster the movement
True
True or false
Ammonia is a byproduct of the breakdown of amino acids
True
True or false
Electrons are the smallest particles of an element that maintain all the characteristics of the element and enter into chemical reactions
False
Atoms are the smallest particles of an element that maintain all the characteristics of the element and enter into chemical reactions
True or false
An element is a substance is Adam all contain the same number of protons and same number of electrons
True
True or false
The breakdown of the glucose molecule and other nutrients provides the energy to make ATP molecules
True
True or false
The cell membrane is composed of one layer of protein and one layer of carbohydrate
False
The cell membrane is composed of the outer and inner layer of protein with a double phospholipid layer in between
True or false
Osmosis pertains only to the movement of carbon the oxide molecules
False
Osmosis pertains only to the movement of water molecules
A chemical fuel that allows the body cells to do work and two function is known as
ATP
A substance whose atoms all contain the same number of protons and the same number of electrons is a
Element
The individual who developed the atomic theory was
John Dalton
The number of protons or the number of electrons within an atom is known as the
Atomic number
The Russian chemist who developed the periodic table of the elements was
Dimitri Mendeleev
The arrangement of the elements by increasing atomic number in such a way that similar properties repeat at periodic intervals is known as the
Periodic table
A weak bond that helps hold water molecules together is which type of bond
Hydrogen
The universal solvent is
Water
Approximately what percentage of the gas in the atmosphere is oxygen
21%
Which body organ converts the toxic ammonia to a harmless substance called urea through the actions of its enzymes
Liver
The more common of the two functions of carbohydrates is
Energy storage
95% of the fats in the human body are
Triacylglycerols
An enzyme that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being affected by the reaction is known as a
Catalyst
Crenulate means to
Shrivel up
A substance that combines with H+ ions when dissolved in water is called
Base
A substance that acts as a reservoir for hydrogen ions, donating them to a solution when their concentration falls and taking hydrogen ions from the solution when their concentration rises, is known as
Buffer
Atoms are electrically what
Neutral
The combination of the Atoms of two or more elements is known as
Compound
Molecules that furnish electrons during a chemical reaction are called
Electron donors
A byproduct of the breakdown of amino acids is
Ammonia
The mineral salt needed for muscle contraction and strong bones is
Calcium
If the fatty acids contain only single covalent bonds, the fat is called what
Saturated fat
If the fatty acids contain one or more double covalent bond, the fat is called
Unsaturated fat
What is the name for the building blocks of proteins
Amino acids
The random collision of diffusing molecules is called
Brownian movement
Increased temperature causes the rate of Difussing molecules to what
Accelerate
A solution in which the salt concentration inside the cell is higher than outside the cell is known as
Hypotonic
A solution in which the salt concentrations greater outside the cell that inside the cell is known as
Hypertonic
A solution in which the salt concentration outside a cell is the same as that inside the cell is known as
Isotonic
Distilled pure water has a pH of seven and is classified as what
Neutral
Blood returning to the lungs is high in what
Carbon dioxide
A base is also called what
Alkali
What transport is the transportation of materials against a concentration gradient
Active transport
Approximately 60% to 80% of a cell is what
Water
What is produced as a waste product of cellular respiration
Carbon dioxide
What is required by all organisms that breathe air
Oxygen
Carbohydrates have two important functions; structural strengthening of the cell and
Energy storage
The smallest particle of an element that maintains all of the characteristics of the element is a
Atom
What is the movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high concentration of water molecules to an area of low concentration of water molecules
Osmosis
What is a small, simple molecule composed of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one oxygen atom
Water
The study of elements, their compounds, and the reactions that occur between them is called what
Chemistry
The area where an electron can be found this referred to as the electrons what
Orbital
Adams combine chemically with one another to form
Bonds
Hey what is a substance is atoms all contain the same number of protons in the same number of electrons
Elements
Since the number of protons equal the number of electrons, and Atom is electrically what
Neutral
And 1808, John Dalton proposed that all matter consists of Atoms. This proposal led to the development of the what theory
Atomic
What is the number of protons or the number of electrons called
Atomic number
What is the name of the genetic material of a cell located in the nucleus of the cell
DNA
What is composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen covalently bonded
Proteins
What is the fuel that runs the cell’s machinery
Adenosine
