Chapter 2 Flashcards by Joseph Merlin

True or false

Our liver converts toxic ammonia to a harmless substance called urea through its enzymes

True

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True or false

ATP Is the high-energy fuel molecule the cells need in order to function

True

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True or false

Water serves as a medium or solvent in which other reactions occur, and Watters referred to as the universal solvent

True

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True or false

Chloride is necessary for muscle contraction, as well as for building strong bones

False

Chloride is necessary for nervous transmission

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True or false

Energy storage is the more common function of carbohydrates

True

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True or false

Enzymes are proteins catalysts that block a chemical reaction

False

Enzymes are proteins catalyst, which increase the rate of chemical reactions without being affected by the reaction

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True or false

The plasma membrane of cells is a selectively permeable membrane

True

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True or false

Concerning the effect of temperature on diffusion, the higher the temperature, the faster the movement

True

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True or false

Ammonia is a byproduct of the breakdown of amino acids

True

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True or false
Electrons are the smallest particles of an element that maintain all the characteristics of the element and enter into chemical reactions

False
Atoms are the smallest particles of an element that maintain all the characteristics of the element and enter into chemical reactions

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True or false

An element is a substance is Adam all contain the same number of protons and same number of electrons

True

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True or false

The breakdown of the glucose molecule and other nutrients provides the energy to make ATP molecules

True

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True or false

The cell membrane is composed of one layer of protein and one layer of carbohydrate

False

The cell membrane is composed of the outer and inner layer of protein with a double phospholipid layer in between

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True or false

Osmosis pertains only to the movement of carbon the oxide molecules

False

Osmosis pertains only to the movement of water molecules

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A chemical fuel that allows the body cells to do work and two function is known as

ATP

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A substance whose atoms all contain the same number of protons and the same number of electrons is a

Element

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The individual who developed the atomic theory was

John Dalton

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The number of protons or the number of electrons within an atom is known as the

Atomic number

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The Russian chemist who developed the periodic table of the elements was

Dimitri Mendeleev

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The arrangement of the elements by increasing atomic number in such a way that similar properties repeat at periodic intervals is known as the

Periodic table

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A weak bond that helps hold water molecules together is which type of bond

Hydrogen

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The universal solvent is

Water

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Approximately what percentage of the gas in the atmosphere is oxygen

21%

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Which body organ converts the toxic ammonia to a harmless substance called urea through the actions of its enzymes

Liver

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The more common of the two functions of carbohydrates is

Energy storage

95% of the fats in the human body are

Triacylglycerols

An enzyme that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being affected by the reaction is known as a

Catalyst

Crenulate means to

Shrivel up

A substance that combines with H+ ions when dissolved in water is called

Base

A substance that acts as a reservoir for hydrogen ions, donating them to a solution when their concentration falls and taking hydrogen ions from the solution when their concentration rises, is known as

Buffer

Atoms are electrically what

Neutral

The combination of the Atoms of two or more elements is known as

Compound

Molecules that furnish electrons during a chemical reaction are called

Electron donors

A byproduct of the breakdown of amino acids is

Ammonia

The mineral salt needed for muscle contraction and strong bones is

Calcium

If the fatty acids contain only single covalent bonds, the fat is called what

Saturated fat

If the fatty acids contain one or more double covalent bond, the fat is called

Unsaturated fat

What is the name for the building blocks of proteins

Amino acids

The random collision of diffusing molecules is called

Brownian movement

Increased temperature causes the rate of Difussing molecules to what

Accelerate

A solution in which the salt concentration inside the cell is higher than outside the cell is known as

Hypotonic

A solution in which the salt concentrations greater outside the cell that inside the cell is known as

Hypertonic

A solution in which the salt concentration outside a cell is the same as that inside the cell is known as

Isotonic

Distilled pure water has a pH of seven and is classified as what

Neutral

Blood returning to the lungs is high in what

Carbon dioxide

A base is also called what

Alkali

What transport is the transportation of materials against a concentration gradient

Active transport

Approximately 60% to 80% of a cell is what

Water

What is produced as a waste product of cellular respiration

Carbon dioxide

What is required by all organisms that breathe air

Oxygen

Carbohydrates have two important functions; structural strengthening of the cell and

Energy storage

The smallest particle of an element that maintains all of the characteristics of the element is a

Atom

What is the movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high concentration of water molecules to an area of low concentration of water molecules

Osmosis

What is a small, simple molecule composed of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one oxygen atom

Water

The study of elements, their compounds, and the reactions that occur between them is called what

Chemistry

The area where an electron can be found this referred to as the electrons what

Orbital

Adams combine chemically with one another to form

Bonds

Hey what is a substance is atoms all contain the same number of protons in the same number of electrons

Elements

Since the number of protons equal the number of electrons, and Atom is electrically what

Neutral

And 1808, John Dalton proposed that all matter consists of Atoms. This proposal led to the development of the what theory

Atomic

What is the number of protons or the number of electrons called

Atomic number

What is the name of the genetic material of a cell located in the nucleus of the cell

DNA

What is composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen covalently bonded

Proteins

What is the fuel that runs the cell's machinery

Adenosine