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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

True or false

Our liver converts toxic ammonia to a harmless substance called urea through its enzymes

A

True

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2
Q

True or false

ATP Is the high-energy fuel molecule the cells need in order to function

A

True

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3
Q

True or false

Water serves as a medium or solvent in which other reactions occur, and Watters referred to as the universal solvent

A

True

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4
Q

True or false

Chloride is necessary for muscle contraction, as well as for building strong bones

A

False

Chloride is necessary for nervous transmission

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5
Q

True or false

Energy storage is the more common function of carbohydrates

A

True

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6
Q

True or false

Enzymes are proteins catalysts that block a chemical reaction

A

False

Enzymes are proteins catalyst, which increase the rate of chemical reactions without being affected by the reaction

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7
Q

True or false

The plasma membrane of cells is a selectively permeable membrane

A

True

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8
Q

True or false

Concerning the effect of temperature on diffusion, the higher the temperature, the faster the movement

A

True

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9
Q

True or false

Ammonia is a byproduct of the breakdown of amino acids

A

True

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10
Q

True or false
Electrons are the smallest particles of an element that maintain all the characteristics of the element and enter into chemical reactions

A

False
Atoms are the smallest particles of an element that maintain all the characteristics of the element and enter into chemical reactions

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11
Q

True or false

An element is a substance is Adam all contain the same number of protons and same number of electrons

A

True

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12
Q

True or false

The breakdown of the glucose molecule and other nutrients provides the energy to make ATP molecules

A

True

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13
Q

True or false

The cell membrane is composed of one layer of protein and one layer of carbohydrate

A

False

The cell membrane is composed of the outer and inner layer of protein with a double phospholipid layer in between

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14
Q

True or false

Osmosis pertains only to the movement of carbon the oxide molecules

A

False

Osmosis pertains only to the movement of water molecules

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15
Q

A chemical fuel that allows the body cells to do work and two function is known as

A

ATP

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16
Q

A substance whose atoms all contain the same number of protons and the same number of electrons is a

A

Element

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17
Q

The individual who developed the atomic theory was

A

John Dalton

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18
Q

The number of protons or the number of electrons within an atom is known as the

A

Atomic number

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19
Q

The Russian chemist who developed the periodic table of the elements was

A

Dimitri Mendeleev

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20
Q

The arrangement of the elements by increasing atomic number in such a way that similar properties repeat at periodic intervals is known as the

A

Periodic table

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21
Q

A weak bond that helps hold water molecules together is which type of bond

A

Hydrogen

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22
Q

The universal solvent is

A

Water

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23
Q

Approximately what percentage of the gas in the atmosphere is oxygen

A

21%

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24
Q

Which body organ converts the toxic ammonia to a harmless substance called urea through the actions of its enzymes

A

Liver

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25
Q

The more common of the two functions of carbohydrates is

A

Energy storage

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26
Q

95% of the fats in the human body are

A

Triacylglycerols

27
Q

An enzyme that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being affected by the reaction is known as a

A

Catalyst

28
Q

Crenulate means to

A

Shrivel up

29
Q

A substance that combines with H+ ions when dissolved in water is called

A

Base

30
Q

A substance that acts as a reservoir for hydrogen ions, donating them to a solution when their concentration falls and taking hydrogen ions from the solution when their concentration rises, is known as

A

Buffer

31
Q

Atoms are electrically what

A

Neutral

32
Q

The combination of the Atoms of two or more elements is known as

A

Compound

33
Q

Molecules that furnish electrons during a chemical reaction are called

A

Electron donors

34
Q

A byproduct of the breakdown of amino acids is

A

Ammonia

35
Q

The mineral salt needed for muscle contraction and strong bones is

A

Calcium

36
Q

If the fatty acids contain only single covalent bonds, the fat is called what

A

Saturated fat

37
Q

If the fatty acids contain one or more double covalent bond, the fat is called

A

Unsaturated fat

38
Q

What is the name for the building blocks of proteins

A

Amino acids

39
Q

The random collision of diffusing molecules is called

A

Brownian movement

40
Q

Increased temperature causes the rate of Difussing molecules to what

A

Accelerate

41
Q

A solution in which the salt concentration inside the cell is higher than outside the cell is known as

A

Hypotonic

42
Q

A solution in which the salt concentrations greater outside the cell that inside the cell is known as

A

Hypertonic

43
Q

A solution in which the salt concentration outside a cell is the same as that inside the cell is known as

A

Isotonic

44
Q

Distilled pure water has a pH of seven and is classified as what

A

Neutral

45
Q

Blood returning to the lungs is high in what

A

Carbon dioxide

46
Q

A base is also called what

A

Alkali

47
Q

What transport is the transportation of materials against a concentration gradient

A

Active transport

48
Q

Approximately 60% to 80% of a cell is what

A

Water

49
Q

What is produced as a waste product of cellular respiration

A

Carbon dioxide

50
Q

What is required by all organisms that breathe air

A

Oxygen

51
Q

Carbohydrates have two important functions; structural strengthening of the cell and

A

Energy storage

52
Q

The smallest particle of an element that maintains all of the characteristics of the element is a

A

Atom

53
Q

What is the movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high concentration of water molecules to an area of low concentration of water molecules

A

Osmosis

54
Q

What is a small, simple molecule composed of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one oxygen atom

A

Water

55
Q

The study of elements, their compounds, and the reactions that occur between them is called what

A

Chemistry

56
Q

The area where an electron can be found this referred to as the electrons what

A

Orbital

57
Q

Adams combine chemically with one another to form

A

Bonds

58
Q

Hey what is a substance is atoms all contain the same number of protons in the same number of electrons

A

Elements

59
Q

Since the number of protons equal the number of electrons, and Atom is electrically what

A

Neutral

60
Q

And 1808, John Dalton proposed that all matter consists of Atoms. This proposal led to the development of the what theory

A

Atomic

61
Q

What is the number of protons or the number of electrons called

A

Atomic number

62
Q

What is the name of the genetic material of a cell located in the nucleus of the cell

A

DNA

63
Q

What is composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen covalently bonded

A

Proteins

64
Q

What is the fuel that runs the cell’s machinery

A

Adenosine

Anatomy And Physiology (6 decks)

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