Chapter 2

Question 0

Cooperative/ marble cake federalism

Answer 0

Flexible relationship between national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs. 1930s through 1970s.

Question 1

Dual/ layer cake federalism.

Answer 1

Strict separation of powers between the national and state governments. Dominant from 1790s to 1930s.

Question 2

Competitive federalism

Answer 2

Defined as a way to improve government performance by encouraging state and local governments to compete against each other for residents, businesses, investment, national funding. Since 1930s.

Question 3

Permissive federalism

Answer 3

Strong national government that only allows states to act when it decides to do so.

Question 4

Coercive federalism

Answer 4

Strong national government that exerts tight control of the states through orders an mandates. Typically without financial resources to carry out mandates.

Question 5

New federalism

Answer 5

Recent effort to reduce the national governments power by returning, or devolving responsibilities to the states. (Devolution revolution)

Question 6

What are the alternatives to federalism?

Answer 6

1. Unitary systems

2. Confederations

Question 7

Advantages of federalism (5)

Answer 7

1. Checks the growth of tyranny
2. Allows unity without uniformity
3. Encourages experimentation
4. Provides training and creates opportunities for future national leaders
5. Keeps government closer to the people.

Question 8

Disadvantages of federalism

Answer 8

1. Dividing power makes it more difficult for government to respond quickly national problems
2. Division of power makes it difficult for voters to hold elected officials accountable
3. Lack of uniformity can lead to conflict
4. Variation in policies creates redundancies, inefficiencies and inequalities

Question 9

Differentiate the powers the constitution provides to national and state governments

Answer 9

1. National government has only powers given to it, plus foreign affairs.
2. Within its scope, national government is supreme.
3. State government has all powers not delegated to central government. Except those denied.
4. Some powers are denied to both national and state governments, some denied just to one.

Question 10

Four pillars which national government gets powers from.

Answer 10

1. Supremacy clause
2. War power
3. Commerce clause
4. Power to tax and spend

Question 11

Commerce clause case

Answer 11

Gibbons v. Ogden

Question 12

Powers of the states

Answer 12

1. Those not given to national government
2. States and local governments
3. Concurrent powers

Question 13

What seven things can the state governments not do?

Answer 13

1. Make treaties with foreign governments
2. Authorize private people to interfere with shipping and commerce of other nations
3. Coin money, issue credit
4. Tax imports or exports
5. Tax foreign ships
6. Keeping troops in times in peace, except national guard
7. Engaging in war

Question 14

McCulloch v. Maryland

Answer 14

1819

Bank of the U.S., Maryland levied tax, implied national powers, national supremacy.

Question 15

Four purposes of national grants

Answer 15

1. Supply state and local governments with revenue
2. Establish minimum standards for highways and air
3. Equalize resources among the states
4. Attack national problems with creation of more national agencies

Question 16

Project grant

Answer 16

Supports specific ACTIVITIES. (Science research, home land security, some education)
Competitive, following an application

Question 17

Formula grants

Answer 17

Given based on formulas like population, number of abandoned houses, etc.

Question 18

Categorical grants

Answer 18

Given for specific PURPOSES. (Medicare) tightly monitored, lots of strings attached. Largest expenditure. Often require states to match some percentage of each federal dollar.

Question 19

Block grants

Answer 19

Generalized government functions. (Health services, community development, etc)
Limited to specific amounts, very few strings attached.