Chapter 2

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

The characteristics or blend of characteristics that make a person unique.

Question 2

The Structures of Personality

Answer 2

1. Psychological Core
2. Typical Responses
3. Role-Related Behavior

Question 3

Psychological Core

Answer 3

This is the most basic and deepest component, it includes your attitudes and values, interests and motives, and beliefs about yourself and your self-worth.

ex.) A person’s religious values.

Question 4

Typical Responses

Answer 4

Typical responses are the ways we each learn to adjust to the environment or how we usually respond to the words around us.

ex.) Being happy-go-lucky, sky.

Question 5

Role -Related Behavior

Answer 5

Role-related behavior is how you act based on what you perceive your social situation. (How you act in a particular social situation)

ex.) Behavior as a student, parent, or friend.

Question 6

Psychodynamic Approach

Answer 6

Psychodynamic: Behavior is determined by several unconscious, constantly changing factors that often conflict with one another.
Emphasis is placed on understanding the person as a whole rather than identifying isolated traits.

Question 7

Situational Approach

Answer 7

This approach argues that behavior is determined largely by the situation or environment.

Question 8

Interactional Approach

Answer 8

This approach considers the situation and person as codeterminants of behavior – that is, as variables that together determine behavior.

Question 9

Phenomenological Approach

Answer 9

This approach contends that behavior is best determined by accounting for both situations and personal characteristics.

Question 10

Trait Approach

Answer 10

Trait: Behavior is determined by relatively stable traits that are fundamental units of personality.
These traits predispose one to act in a certain way, regardless of the situation.

Question 11

The Big 5 Model

Answer 11

This model contends that five major dimensions of personality exist, including:

1. Neuroticism
2. Extroversion
3. Openness to experience
4. Agreeableness
5. Conscientiousness

Question 12

Neuroticism

Answer 12

(Sometimes called Emotional Stability)

Includes traits like tense, moody and anxious.

Question 13

Extraversion

Answer 13

(Sometimes called Surgency)

The broad dimension of extraversion encompasses such more specific traits as talkative, energetic and assertive.

Question 14

Openness to experience

Answer 14

(Sometimes called Intellect or Intellect/Imagination)

Includes traits like having wide interests and being imaginative and insightful.

Question 15

Agreeableness

Answer 15

Includes traits like sympathetic, kind and affectionate.

Question 16

Conscientiousness

Answer 16

Includes traits like organized, thorough and planful

Question 17

Gender Differences in Personality

Answer 17

Few personality differences are evident between male and female athletes, particularly at the elite level.