Chapter 2 Flashcards
Socialism
The government owns part of the means of production ; healthcare, school systems, etc
Anarchy
The absence of government
Communism
The government controls all means of production
- no private property
- no incentive for improvement
Democracy
The people run the government
-capitalistic
Monarchy
Absolute: king holds complete power
Constitutional: the king and people share power
5 factors of production
Land Labor Capital Entepreneurship Technology
4 basic economic questions
What should be produced?
How much should be produced?
What methods should be used?
How should these goods and services be distributed?
The Magna Carta
- an attempt to limit kings authority
1. The right to trial by jury
2. The right to due process of law
3. No taxation without consent
English common law
The practice of judges basing their decisions on previous cases.
- all men are equal under law
- life, liberty, and property cant be taken illegally
Niccolo Machiavelli
Wrote the PRINCE
- discusses what it takes to make an effective govt
- successful govts are those in which the citizens feel a patriotic attachment to the govt
- govt acts in their own self Intrest
Bishop Bossuet
Political Ideas Derived from the Very Words of Holt Scripture
- royal absolutism
- the king is gods representative on earth
King James I
Free Law of Free Monarchy
- compares relationship of king and the people to a family
- the king doesn’t answer to the people but only God
Jean Bodin
Six Books Of the Republic
- in every country there must be a supreme power
- the king must be constrained by natural law
Legis Summi Imperi
“Salic Law”
- no women can rule
English Petition of Rights
King could NOT
- levy taxes
- imprison someone w/o a specific charge and w/o provision for a jury trial
- quarter soldiers in private homes without the consent of the owners
English civil war and commonwealth
- Idea of absolute monarchy destroyed forever in England
- The House of Commons becomes political power in England
- Opposition to standing army
Thomas Hobbs
Leviathan
- man without government - “state of nature” - chaos
Act of Habeas Corpus
Illegal for someone to be arrested without a charge and making provisions for a jury trial
English bill of rights
The king could not:
- Suspend law
- Levy taxes
- Raise an army without parliaments consent
- interfere in parliamentary elections
The enlightenment
-Started in France
Stressed - science, reason, human nature, natural law
Writers of the enlightenment
Philosophes
Basis of the enlightenment
By observing human behavior, in history and in the present, one can discover te laws that govern human nature and these laws can be used to design a harmonious and orderly society
- freedom of thought and religion
Enlightened despotism
- A ruler justified his authority on his usefulness to society
- the ruler is the nations servant
John Locke
Two Treatisies of Government
- man is born with natural rights
1. Life
2. Liberty
3. Property - govt created to protect those rights
- if govt fails man has right to replace that govt
Barron de Montesquieu
The Spirit of Laws - separation of powers - government should be divided into 3 groups 1 makes the laws 1 enforces it 1 enterprers it
Voltaire
- Belived that rulers should use their authority to reform
- firm believer in freedom of religion
- freedom of thought and expression
- used satire to get his message out in Candide
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Social Contract
- the general will, if determined democratically, is more important than the will of any individual
Marquis Cesare di Beccaria
An Essay on Crime and Punishment
- a system of laws that apply equally to all classes of men
Physiocrats
People who wrote about economic issues during the enlightenment
- land = source of wealth
Francois Quesnay
The Economic Table
- supports the idea of laissez-faire
Adam Smith
Wealth of nations - Wealth based on production - more production, more wealth - got should encourage people to produce as much as they can - first time capitalism is encouraged King= head of state Parliament= leg and exec - House of Commons - House of Lords
Chair of commity of style
Goveneur Morris
5 major objectives of Const. Convention
- Create a republic
- Stronger central government
- Written constitution
- Govt that will protect property and human rights
- Wanr to reform society
3 areas of conflict at Const Convention
Economic- agricultural vs industrial
How strong should nat’l govt be?
Representation in congress: large states VS small states
Virginia Plan
James Madison 3 branches of govt - legislative Bicameral Representation based on pop Lower house chosen by voters Upper house chosen by lower house Each rep has 1 vote - executive Chosen by congress - judicial Chosen by congress
New Jersey Plan
William Patterson 3 branches of govt - legislative Unicameral Members chosen by voters Each state has 1 vote Increased powers of congress - executive Committe of 3 chosen by congress - judicial Chosen by congress
Connecticut compromise
Roger Sherman
- Lower House
1. House of rep
2. Membership based on population
3. Chosen by voters
4. Each memeber has 1 vote - Upper House
1. Senate
2. Each state has 2 members and 2 votes
3. Chosen by state legislature
Electoral College
- The number of electors awarded to each state = members in congress
- electors chosen by state legislature
- each elector casts 2 votes
- 1st is pres 2nd is Vice
- if no one wins, the election goes to the house where each state has 1 vote
