Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a element?

A

Substance that can NOT be broken down into any other substance by chemical reaction

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2
Q

What is a compound?

A

Substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio

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3
Q

What are the four major elements?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen

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4
Q

What are trace elements?

A

Elements required by an organism in minute quantities

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5
Q

What is a atom?

A

Smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element

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6
Q

What is an isotope?

A

The same element that differ in number of neutrons

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7
Q

What is potential energy?

A

Energy that matter has because of its location or structure

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8
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

Sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms

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9
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.

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10
Q

What is a structual formula?

A

-notation used to represent atoms and bonding
–For example: H – H

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11
Q

What is a molecular formula?

A

Abberivated formula: H2

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12
Q

What is a compound?

A

Two or more different elements?

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13
Q

Define electronegativity?

A

Atom’s attraction for electrons in a covalent bond

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14
Q

What is a nonpolar covalent bond?

A

Atoms share the electrons equally

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15
Q

What is a polar covalent bond?

A

one atom is more electronegative, so atoms do NOT share the electrons equally

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16
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

A bond formed between cation and anion

17
Q

How do hydrogen bonds form?

A

When one hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to an electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom.

18
Q

What are Van der Waals interactions?

A

Weak attraction between molecules that are very close together as a result of charges.