Chapter 2 Flashcards
Cells
What are the features present in all cells?
Cell membrane, Nucleus and the cytoplasm in between.
What are the parts of animal and plant cells?
-Cell membrane
-Cytoplasm
-Nucleus
-Ribosomes
-Mitochondria
What parts are present in ONLY plant cells?
-Chloroplasts
-Cell wall
-Vacuole
What organelles are present in cells?
Ribosomes, Mitochondria
What is Rough ER?
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum is a network of flattened cavities surrounded by a membrane that links with the NUCLEAR membrane.
- This ER membrane holds ribosomes, giving the surface a rough appearance.
- ER has the function of producing, transporting, and storing proteins.
What are Ribosomes?
They are organelles that synthesize proteins.
What are Mitochondria?
- These are tiny organelles that are slipper-shaped, circular, or oval.
- They generate the compound ATP, which provides energy for cells to carry out reactions
- Energy is produced by respiration
What is a specialised cell?
They are cells that develop a distinct shape and carry out a special function.
What is ‘Division of Labour’
This is the specialisation of cells to carry out particular functions within an organism.
Give 7 examples of Specialised cells?
-Ciliated cells – movement of mucus in the
trachea and bronchi
-Root hair cells – absorption
-Palisade mesophyll cells – photosynthesis
-Neurones – conduction of electrical impulses
-Red blood cells – transport of oxygen
-Sperm and egg cells (gametes) – reproduction
What is a tissue?
A tissue is a group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function. ex: XYLEM, BONE
What is an organ?
An organ is a group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function. ex: STOMACH made from epithelial cells, gland cells, and muscle cells.
What is a system?
A system is a group of organs with related functions working to perform a body function. ex: CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (Heart and blood vessels), SHOOT SYSTEM (stem, leaves, buds)
What is an organism?
An organism is formed by organs and systems working to produce an independent animal
What is the calculation formula for cells?
I/AxM
