Chapter 2 Flashcards
Which part of the lever system is in the middle for a first class lever?
Fulcrum
Which part of the lever system is in the middle for a second class lever?
Resistance
Which part of the lever system is in the middle for a third class lever?
Effort
The ankle joint is an example of what type of lever?
Second class
The tricep is an example of what type of lever?
First class
A bicep curl is an example of what type of lever?
Third class
How do you calculate mechanical advantage?
Effort arm divided by resistance arm.
Define resistance arm.
Distance between resistance and the fulcrum.
Define effort arm.
The distance between the effort and the fulcrum.
What is the benefit (mechanical advantage) of having a short effort arm (first and third class levers)?
Large range of movement and can move resistance quickly.
What is the benefit (mechanical advantage) of having a longer effort arm (second class levers)?
Can overcome large resistances.
What is another term for the agonist?
Prime mover
Name 12 major muscle groups.
Deltoids, pectorals, biceps, triceps, abdominals, latissimus dorsi, gluteals, quadriceps, hamstrings, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, hip flexors.
Define isotonic contraction.
Muscles contracting and changing in length (movement).
What are the two types of isotonic contractions?
- Eccentric
- Concentric
Define isometric contraction.
Muscles contracting but no change in muscle length (no movement).
Define concentric contraction.
Muscle shortening when contracting.
Define eccentric contraction.
Muscles lengthening when contracting.
Define flexion.
Angle at the joint decreasing.
Define extension.
Angle at the joint increasing.
Define rotation.
A movement around an axis.
Define abduction.
Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.
Define adduction.
Movement of a limb towards the midline of the body.
What joins muscle to bone?
Tendons
